ارزیابی مولفه‌های هیدروژئومورفومتری حوضه‌ی آبریز بسطام با تأکید بر سیل‌خیزی

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشیار گروه جغرافیا و گردشگری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم زمین، دانشگاه کاشان، کاشان، ایران

چکیده

مسائل حوضه‌های آبریز و منابع آب آنها، برنامه‌ریزی جامع و مدیریت یکپارچه را در این سیستم باز طبیعی می‌طلبد که ضروری است در اولویت‌ طرح‌های ملی و منطقه‌ای جهت نیل به اهداف توسعه پایدار، مدیریت ریسک و بحران سیل و رفع مسائل کم آبی قرار گیرد. هدف از این پژوهش ارزیابی و تحلیل سیستماتیک مولفه‌های هیدروژئومورفومتری حوضه آبخیز بسطام، برای شناخت مسائل محیطی، سیل‌خیزی و فرسایش است. در این رأستا پارامترهای توزیع ارتفاعی، ارتفاع متوسط، منحنی‌های آلتی‌متری و هیپسومتری، شیب، جهت شیب، رتبه‌بندی آبراهه، نسبت انشعاب، تراکم زهکشی، حریم آبراهه، طول آبراهه اصلی، زمان تمرکز، محیط، مساحت، شکل حوضه، ضریب گراویلیوس و مستطیل معادل مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد حوضه مطالعاتی با ارتفاع متوسط 341/2085 متر و شیب متوسط 788/21 درصد، یک حوضه بالغ و نسبتاً هموار بوده و دامنه‌های بالادست آن در ارتفاعات بیش از 2100 متر به علت جوانی ناهمواری‌ها در معرض فرشایش کاوشی قرار دارد. حداکثر گستردگی وسعت حوضه با 53/24 درصد متعلق به دامنه‌های روبه جنوب‌شرق است. شکل حوضه شبیه مستطیل با طول 842/91 و عرض 175/19 کیلومتر است که قابلیت سیل‌خیزی متوسط تا اندک دارد. مولفه‌های نسبت انشعاب 528/3، تراکم زهکشی 2985/0 و ضریب فشردگی 09352/0 نشان از سیل‌خیزی اندک تا متوسط این حوضه دارد. زمان تمرکز آن نیز در آبراهه اصلی با طول 675/62 کیلومتر برابر با 066/6 ساعت است که حداکثر سیلاب را با بارش‌های 6 ساعته دارد. در صورتی که حوضه مزبور دارای بیلان آبی مثبت باشد مکان مناسبی برای احداث تاسیسات هیدرولوژیکی و ذخیره آب در بالادست محسوب می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of hydrogeomorphometric parameters of Bastam watershed with emphasis on flooding

نویسنده [English]

  • Sayyed Hojjat Mousavi
Associate Professor, Department of Geography and Tourism, Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Problems of watersheds and their water resources require comprehensive planning and integrated management in this natural open system, which is necessary to be prioritized in national and regional plans to achieve the sustainable development goals, flood risk and crisis management, and solving water shortage issues. Purpose of this research is the evaluating and analyses of hydrogeomorphometric components in Bastam watershed systematically to understand environmental, flood and erosion issues. In this regard, parameters of the height distribution, average height, altimetry and hypsometry curves, slope, aspect, watercourse rating, branching ratio, drainage density, watercourse boundary, main watercourse length, concentration time, perimeter, area, basin shape, Gravilius coefficient and equivalent rectangle was evaluated. Results showed that study basin with an average height of 2085.341 meters and an average slope of 21.788% is a mature and relatively smooth basin, and its upstream slopes at altitudes of more than 2100 meters are exposed to exploration due to the roughness youth. Maximum extent of the basin with 24.53% belongs to the southeast aspect. Shape of the basin is like a rectangle with a length of 91.842 km and a width of 19.175 km, which has a medium to small flood capacity. Components of branching ratio 3.528, drainage density 0.2985 and compression coefficient 0.09352 indicate the low to moderate flooding of this basin. Its concentration time in the main waterway with a length of 62.675 km is equal to 6.066 hours, which has the maximum flood with 6-hour rains.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Watershed Management
  • Measurable Parameters
  • Hydrogeomorphometry
  • Bastam Basin
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