نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه ژئومورفولوژی ، دانشکده منابع طبیعی ، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه کردستان گروه ژئومورفولوژی

چکیده

مسئله فرسایش خاک و تخریب زمین­ یکی از مهم‌ترین مسائل در علوم طبیعی است که ارزیابی پیامدهای زیست‌محیطی و اقتصادی آن به داده­ های کمی نیاز دارد. حوضه رودخانه قشلاق در استان کردستان برای مطالعه چنین مخاطره­ای انتخاب شد زیرا این حوضه در یک اقلیم نیمه ­خشک قرارگرفته و لیتولوژی آن اغلب شیل (سازند سنندج) است. جهت تحقیق در این زمینه شاخه ­های از رودخانه که آبراهه ­های آن‌ها دارای  رتبه سه و بیشتر، بر اساس روش استرالر بودند و مستقیماً وارد شاخه اصلی می­شدند به‌عنوان زیر حوضه برای محاسبه شاخص ­ها ترسیم گردید. 47 زیر حوضه، محدوده حوضه قشلاق را پوشش داد. تعداد 16شاخص ژئومورفولوژیکی برای تعیین وضعیت فرسایش حوضه محاسبه و به‌عنوان لایه ورودی در نظر گرفته شد. سپس، نتایج این شاخص­ ها توسط چهار مدل تصمیم چند معیاره TOPSIS ، VIKOR ، SAW و CF ادغام گردید. در هر چهار مورد، زیر حوضه­ های شمالی به‌عنوان مناطقی با حساسیت کم و بسیار کم در برابر فرسایش طبقه ­بندی شدند. این حوضه­ ها اغلب دارای سنگ‌های آتش‌فشانی هستند. در یک دید کلی­، طبق هر چهار مدل بکار رفته­، زیر حوضه ­های  که لیتولوژی غالب آن‌ها  شیلی است، در طبقات فرسایشی متوسط تا بسیار زیاد قرار گرفتند. بر این اساس چنین استنباط شد که لیتولوژی تأثیر زیادی بر روی میزان فرسایش در حوضه آبریز قشلاق دارد.  همچنین روش VIKOR، به دلیل ضریب تنوع بیشتر، از دقت بیشتری نسبت به بقیه روش­ ها برخوردار است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Prioritization of Linear Erosion Using Morphometric and Geomorphological Indicators Case Study: Gheshlagh Watershed, Sanandaj West of Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hadi Nayyeri 1
  • Mamand Salari 1
  • Zhila Chardawli 2

1 Assis Prof in Geomorphology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Iran

2 MSc Student, in Geomorphology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Iran.

چکیده [English]

The soil erosion issue and lands' degradation is one of the most important issues in natural sciences. Soil erosion is the predominant geomorphic process on many land surfaces. In order to assess the environmental and economic consequences of soil erosion, quantitative data are needed. In this research, soil erosion is studied with of morphometric parameters. For this aim, Gheshlagh river basin iin Kurdistan province, was studied. Areas with a rating of more than 2 that entered directly into the main river were plotted as sub-basins for morphometric calculations. These areas included 47 sub-basins. The number of 16 morphometric parameters were calculated to determine the morphometric conditions of the basin and were considered as the input layer. Then, the results of these parameters were aggregated by four multi-criteria decision models TOPSIS, VIKOR, SAW and CF. In all four, the northern sub-basins were classified as areas with low and very low susceptibility to erosion. These basins are often located in volcanic rocks. In a general view, according to all four models studied, the basins in the lithology of dark gray shale (Sanandaj shale). Their sensitivity to erosion have been classified from moderate to very high. the final results showed that the multi-criteria decision-making methods, by presenting a classification, divide the region into several classes in terms of the degree of erosion sensitivity, and the VIKOR method, due to the greater coefficient of variation, has more accurate than the others.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Erosion
  • Morphometric parameters
  • Multi-criteria decision making
  • Gheshlagh river
  • West of Iran
 
Ahmadi, H. (2007) Applied geomorphology – Water erosion- vol1. University of Tehran puplication. P688.
Alexakis, D. Hadjimitsis-Diofantos, G and Athos, A. (2013) integrated use of remote sensing, GIS and precipitation data for the assessment of soil erosion rate in the catchment area of Yialias in Cyprus. Atmospheric Researches, 131: 108-124.
Altaf, S. Meraj, G. Romshoo, S.A. (2014) Morphometry and land cover based multi-criteria analysis for assesing the soil erosion susceptibility of the western Himalayan watershed. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 186(12): 8391-8412.
Amani M. (2015) Hydrodynamics and stability of Gheshlagh River Bed and its Effects on Sanandaj Urban Development A Thesis Submitted to the Postgraduate Studies Office in Partial Fulfillment, of the Requirements for the Degree of M.Sc. in Geomorphology, Supervisor: Dr. M, Yamani University of Tehran faculty of eography.
Arab Ameri, A. Pahlevan H. Artemi, C. (2018) Erodibility prioritization of sub-watersheds using morphometric parameters analysis and its mapping: A comparison among TOPSIS, VIKOR, SAW, and CF multi-criteria decision making models, Science of the Total Environment. 613-614.
     Armin, M.  Valinejad, H. Ghorbannia Kheybari, V. (2020) Estimation of Soil Erosion in the Tang-e-Sorkh Dam Watershed Using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) and Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) Capabilities. Hydrogeomorphology, Vol 7, No 23: 183-159.
Biswas, A. Das Majumdar, D. Banerjee, S. (2014) Morphometry Governs the Dynamics of a Drainage Basin: Analysis and Implications.Geography Journal, Hindaw Publishing Corporation, V2014, PP1-14 doi.org/10.1155/2014/927176
Chardawli, Zh. (2021) Surface Erosion Zonation Using Morphometric and Geomorphologic Indices (Case study: Gheshlagh basin) A Thesis Submitted for Degree of M.Sc. in Geomorphology, Supervisor: Dr. H. Nayyeri, University of Kurdistan, Faculty of Natural Resources, Department of Geomorphology.
Dar, R.A., Chandra, R., Romshoo, S.A., (2013) Morphotectonic and lithostratigraphic analysis of intermontane Karewa basin of Kashmir Himalayas, India. J. Mt. Sci. 10 (1):731–741.
Erfanian, M. ghahramani Saatloo, P. Saadat, H. (2012) Preparation of risk map of soil erosion potential using fuzzy logic in Qarnaveh Golestan watershed, Iranian Journal of Watershed Management Science and Engineering, . 7(23):43-52.
Fallah Sourki, M. Kavian, A. Omidvar, E. (2016) Prioritizitzation of Haraz sub-watersheds in order to Soil and Water Conservation Practices Based on Morphometric and Land Use Characteristics, Journal of Water and Soil Science . 20 (77):85-99.
Ghorbaninejad, S. Zeinivand, H. Haghizadeh, A. Tahmasebi, N. (2018) Performance evaluation of Dempster-Shafer model for erosion potential mapping in Kakareza watershed, Lorestan province Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System in Natural Resources, 9, (3): 100-114.
Hajam, R. A., Hamid, A., Bhat, S. (2013) Application of Morphometric Analysis for Geo-Hydrological Studies Using Geo-Spatial Technology –A Case Study of Vishav Drainage Basin, Hydrology Current Reasearch, 4 (3):1-12.
Haseli, M. Jalalian, H. (2015) Soil Erosion Risk Assessment and Zoning in the Aleshtar Catchment, Journal of Spatial Analysis, Environmental Hazards. 1 (4): 91-104.
Hayatzadeh, M. Amini, S. Fathzadeh, A. Asadi, M. (2021) Estimation of Suspended Sediment Load Based on Physiographic Parameters of the Watershed. Hydrogeomorphology, Vol. 8, No. 26:1-21
Horton, R. E. (1932) Drainage basin characteristics. American Geophysical Union of Transactions 13: 350-361.
Horton, R.E., (1945) Erosional development of streams and their drainage basins; hydrophysical approach to quantitative morphology. Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. 56 (3), 275.
Magesh NS, Jitheshlal KV, Chandrasekar N, Jini KV (2012b) GIS based morphometric evaluation of Chimmini and Mupily watersheds, parts of Western Ghats, Thrissur District, Kerala. India Earth Sci Inform 5(2):111–121
Malava, J and Bonda, F. (1999) "Proposal for research to support erosion hazard assessment in Malawi", Agricultural engineering Bunda College of Agriculture. www.ag.arizona.edu.
Mansoori Daneshvar, MR. Ebrahimi, M. Nejadsoleymani, H. (2014) Evaluation of soil erosion and sedimentation yield in Toroq Watershed by using PSIAC model and GIS, Applied Geomorphology of Iran . 2(3): 110
Mesa, L.M., (2006) Morphometric analysis of a subtropical Andean basin (Tucumam, Argentina). Environ. Geol. 50 (8): 1235–1242.
Mokarram, M. Darvishi, A. Negahban, S (2017) The Relation between Morphometric Characteristics of Watersheds and Erodibility at different altitude levels using Topographic Position Index (TPI) Case Study: Nazloochaei Watershed, Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR) .26(101):131-142.
Moore, I.D., Grayson, R., Ladson, A., (1991) Digital terrain modelling: a review of hydrological, geomorphological, and biological applications. Hydrol. Process. 5 (1): 3–30.
Mostafazadeh, R. Khadijeh, H. Esmali Ouri, Abazar. Nazarnejad, H. (2018) Prioritization the critical sub-watersheds based on soil erosion and sediment using Watershed Erosion Response Model (WERM) and morphometric analysis (Case study: Rozechai watershed, West Azerbaijan Province), journal of watershed management research 8(16):142-156.
Parvin, M., Prioritization(2018) of sub-basins of Ghezel Ozen-Sefidrood to identify erosion-sensitive basins based on morphometry, erosion rate and vegetation, Arid Regions Geography Studies; Volume 9; Number 33.
Rahman, M.R., Shi, Z.H., Chongf, C.  (2009), Soil Erosion Hazard Evaluation: an Integrated use of Remote Sensing, GIS and management trategies, Ecol., model, Vol. 220, PP, 1724-1734.
Rajaei, A.H. (2012). The Appliction of Geomorphology to landscape efficiency and environmental management, Ghoomes puplication. P344.
Rao, N.K. Swarna, L.P. kumar, A.P and Krishna, H.M. (2010) Morphometric analysis of Gostani River watershed in Andhra Pradesh state, iran n using spatial information technology. International Journal of Geomantic and Geosciences. Vol 1 (2): 179-187.
Rezaei P, Faridi P, Ghorbani M, Kazemi M. (2014) Estimating of soil erosion by using RUSLE model and identifying of the most effective factor in Gabric-southeast watershed basin of the Hormozgan province. Journal of Quantitative Geomorphology, 3 (1): 97-113.
Roostaei, S. Nikjoo, M.R. Habibzadeh, A. (2011) The Study of Land Erosion Susceptibility in Bejoshan Chai Catchment Area Using Fuzzy Theory and GIS, Journal of Geography and Planning, 15 (33):147-173
Sadhasivam N., Bhardwaj A., Pourghasemi H. R. & Priyadarshini Kamaraj, N. (2020) Morphometric attributes-based soil erosion susceptibility mappingin Dnyanganga watershed of India using individual and ensemble models, Environmental Earth Sciences volume 79, Article number: 360
Samadi, M. Jalali, S. Kornejadi, A.  Samadi Gheshlaghchaee, M. (2016) Investigation of Morphometric Indexes with GIS in Chel-Chay Watershed, Golestan Province, Geospatial Engineerng Journal, 7(4): 37-48.
Schumn SA (1956) Evolution of drainage systems and slopes in badlands at Perth Amboy, New Jersey. Geological Society of American Bulletin 67: 597- 646.
Sreedevi, P., Owais, S., Khan, H., Ahmed, S., (2009) Morphometric analysis of a watershed of South India using SRTM data and GIS. J. Geol. Soc. India 73: 543–552.
Strahler, A. N. (1952) Dynamic basis of geomorphology. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 63: 923-938.
Strahler, A.N., (1957) Quantitative analysis of watershed geomorphology. Civ. Eng. 101: 1258–1262.
Sukristiyanti, S. Maria, R. Lestiana, H (2018) Watershed-based Morphometric Analysis: A Review ,Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science 118(1):012028 doi :10.1088/1755-1315/118/1/012028. DOI:10.1088/1755-1315/118/1/012028
Todorovski, L., Džeroski, S., 2006. Integrating knowledge driven and data-driven approaches to modeling. Ecol. Model. 194 (1): 3–13.
Ziaee, H.R. Rengzen, k. Warshawsaz, m. (2005)Erosion potential zoning using satellite and GIS information (Case study: Shahid Abbas pour Dam catchment area Geomatics Conference, Iran Mapping Organization, Tehran.