نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار ژئومورفولوژی، گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران

2 کارشناسی ارشد مخاطرات محیطی، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران

چکیده

رودخانه‌ها سیستم‌های طبیعی هستندکه فشارهای انسانی طی دهه‌های گذشته موجب تغییرات شدیدی در مورفولوژی آنها شده است. عوامل مؤثر بر تغییرات مورفولوژیکی رودها و واکنش انها در مناطق مختلف متفاوت است. از این رو،

در تحقیق حاضر، تغییرات مورفولوژیکی بخشی از رودخانه هراز در محدوده شهر آمل طی یک دوره 53 ساله (1400-1347) مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. تغییرات عرض رودخانه، پلانفرم و لندفرم‌های رودخانه‌ای با استفاده عکس‌های هوایی و تصاویر ماهواره‌ای مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. سپس، با محاسبه قدرت ویژه رود و مشاهدات میدانی مخاطرات کانال رود شناسایی شدند. در سال 1347میانگین عرض رودخانه141 متر اندازه‌گیری شد و در سال‌های 1385 و 1400 به 55 متر کاهش یافت. مساحت لندفرم‌های رودخانه‌ای شامل بستر فعال رود و موانع طولی در این دوره به ترتیب 50 و 95 درصد کاهش یافت. با تنگ شدگی رود و کاهش شدید موانع طولی، پلانفرم رودخانه از حالت شریانی به تک کانالی تغییر یافت. بواسطه این تغییرات قدرت ویژه رود افزایش یافته و فرایندهای فرسایشی موجب فروسایی رودخانه و فرسایش دیواره رود شدند. کاهش جریان پایه رود و کانال‌های آبیاری، تصرف دشت سیلابی و تغییر کاربری اراضی حاشیه رود از مهم‌ترین عوامل فشار در تغییرات مورفولوژیکی رود در محدوده مورد مطالعه بوده‌اند. با توجه روند تغییرات ایجاد شده، احداث سد جدید (هراز)، تداوم تصرفات دشت سیلابی وکانال‌سازی می‌تواند مخاطرات کانال رود و وقوع سیلاب‌های بزرگ را تشدید نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of the morphological changes of Haraz river following human pressures in the Amol city, Mazandaran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Reza esmaili 1
  • Niusha Nourizadeh Nesheli 2

1 Associate Professor, Department of Geography, Faculty of Social Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran

2 M.S Student, Department of Geography, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran

چکیده [English]

Rivers are natural systems that have undergone significant changes in their morphology due to human pressures over the past decades. The factors influencing river morphological changes and their responses vary across different regions. Consequently, in the present study, morphological changes in a section of the Haraz River in of Amol city were investigated over a 53-year period (from 1968 to 2021).The changes in river width, planform, and riverbed landforms were examined using aerial photographs and satellite imagery. Subsequently, by calculating the specific stream power and conducting field observations, the hazards associated with the river channel were identified. In 1968, the average river width was measured at 141 meters, but by the years 2006 and 2021, it had decreased to 55 meters. The area of riverbed landforms, including the active riverbed and longitudinal bars, decreased by 50% and 95%, respectively, during this period. The river channel transitioned from a braided pattern to a single-channel pattern due to channel narrowing and significant reduction in longitudinal bars. These changes led to an increase in stream power and erosional processes, resulting in river incision and bank erosion. Key factors contributing to the morphological alterations in the study area included the reduction in base flow, irrigation channel diversion, and land use changes along the river margins. Considering the observed trends, the construction of a new dam (Haraz Dam), continued exploitation of floodplain areas, and channelization could exacerbate the risks associated with the river channel and lead to significant floods.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • River morphological changes
  • River planform
  • Haraz River
  • Amol
  • northern Iran
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