نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضوء هیات علمی بخش تحقیقات حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری در مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان شرقی

2 استاد پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات بیابان،مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

ایران در قلمرو اقلیمی خشک و نیمه خشک واقع شده و در معرض سامانه­های متعدد گرد و غبار محلی و فرامحلی است. تداوم خشکسالی­ها، کاهش پوشش گیاهی و گسترش پلایای نمکی دریاچه ارومیه، ایجاد کانون­های گرد و غبار محلی در حاشیه دریاچه ارومیه در استان آذربایجان شرقی را محتمل ساخته است. تحقیق حاضر با هدف بررسی توزیع مکانی-زمانی فرسایش بادی با کاربست شاخص غبارناکی(DSI) در سطح استان آذربایجان شرقی اجرا شده است. برای این منظور، ابتدا سری داده­های غبارناکی که بصورت کدهای اختصاصی در ایستگاه­های هواشناسی ثبت شده، در بازه زمانی30 سال اخیر تهیه و سپس، وجود روند در سری داده­های یاد شده با استفاده از آزمون من- کندال بررسی گردید. در ادامه، فراوانی وقوع طوفان­های گرد و غبار براساس شاخص DSI محاسبه شده و توزیع مکانی آنها در محیط GIS بصورت نقشه­ تهیه گردید. نتایج آزمون من-کندال برای متوسط سالانه پدیده گرد و غبار با منشاء محلی و فرامحلی نشان داد که شیب روند هر دو دسته از طوفان­های گرد و غبار محلی و فرامحلی در سطح استان افزایشی است؛ ولی تنها روند موجود در طوفان­های گرد و غبار فرامحلی در سطح 95% معنی­دار می­باشد. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که قسمت عمده طوفان­های گرد و غبار مشاهداتی در سطح استان آذربایجان شرقی با منشاء فرامحلی هستند؛ با این­ وجود، فراوانی گرد و غبارهای محلی در سال­های اخیر از افزایش نسبی برخوردار بوده و این مسله در ارتباط با تاثیر تداوم خشکسالی­ها بر کاهش پوشش گیاهی و گسترش پلایای دریاچه ارومیه قابل توجیه است. در همین ارتباط، بیشترین مقدار شاخص طوفان­های گرد و غبار(DSI) در حوزه دریاچه ارومیه در ایستگاه­های هواشناسی تبریز، سهند و مراغه مشاهده شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Analysis of the Trend of the Dust Storm Index in the Lake Uromia Playa

نویسندگان [English]

  • Jamshid Yarahmadi 1
  • Mohammad Khosroshahi 2

1 Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Department, East Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, AREEO, Tabriz, Iran

2 Professor, Desert Research Division, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

The extended periods of drought, decrease in vegetation, and enlargement of the salt playa at Lake Urmia have resulted in the formation of local dust hotspots on the periphery of Lake Urmia in East Azarbaijan province. The objective of this study was to examine the spatial and temporal distribution of wind erosion in East Azarbaijan province using the DSI index. To achieve this, a set of weather data recorded over the past 30 years at specific codes in meteorological stations was compiled. Subsequently, the Mann-Kendall test was employed to assess the presence of a trend in the data series. Following this, the frequency of dust storms was calculated using the DSI index, and a spatial distribution map was generated in the GIS. The results of the Mann-Kendall test indicated that the slope of the trend for both local and extra-local dust storms in the province is on the rise. However, only the trend in extra-local dust storms is statistically significant at the 95% confidence level. The findings of the research revealed that the majority of the observed dust storms originate from outside the local area in East Azarbaijan province. Nevertheless, there has been a relative increase in the frequency of local dust storms in recent years, which can be attributed to the prolonged droughts resulting in reduced vegetation and the expansion of the playa of Lake Urmia. In this context, the highest frequency of dust storms has been observed at the Tabriz, Sahand, and Maragheh meteorological stations near Lake Urmia.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Wind erosion
  • DSI Index
  • Lake Urmia Playa
  • Northwest of Iran
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