نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای آبخیزداری، گروه احیای مناطق خشک و کوهستانی، دانشکده پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه منابع طبیعی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

3 استاد گروه منابع طبیعی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی و عضو پژوهشکده مدیریت آب، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

4 دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم زمین، دانشگاه کاشان

چکیده

در حین وقوع خشکسالی هیدرولوژیکی، ضمن عدم نیاز آبی بهره‌برداران، جریان رودخانه کاهش یافته و کیفیت اکوسیستم رودخانه تخریب خواهد شد. تعیین تغییرات زمانی و مکانی شاخص خشکسالی هیدرولوژیک، امکان برنامه‌ریزی به‌منظور استفاده بهینه از آب رودخانه‌ها فراهم می‌کند. در این پژوهش، تغییرات زمانی و مکانی شاخص خشکسالی جریان رودخانه‌ای (SDI) در 28 ایستگاه هیدرومتری استان اردبیل مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. مقادیر SDI با نرم‌افزار DrinC محاسبه و ویژگی‌های خشکسالی هیدرولوژیک تحلیل و تغییرات مکانی SDI در مقیاس‌های زمانی 1 ماهه، 3 ماهه، 6 ماهه و سالانه در نرم‌افزار GIS تعیین شد. مقادیر SDI یک ماهه‌ (خشکسالی‌های کوتاه‌مدت) نشان داد که خشکسالی‌ در رودخانه‌های کم‌آب بیش‌تر اتفاق افتاده است. این در حالی است که اکثر ایستگاه‌های پر آب و کم آب، دوره‌های ترسالی شدید داشته‌اند. مقادیر SDI سالانه (بلند‌مدت) در اکثر ایستگاه‌های در بین بازه 1-≥SDI≥5/1، قرار داشته که نشان از وقوع خشکسالی ملایم هستند. تغییرات مکانی مقادیر SDI نشان داد که تغییرات مکانی در مقیاس‌ یک‌ماهه کاملاً متفاوت از مقیاس سالانه است. کم‌ترین وقوع SDI در ایستگاه‌های بالادست و رودخانه‌های جاری در دامنه‌های سبلان بود. خشکسالی‌های شدید و خیلی‌شدید در رودخانه‌هایی اتفاق می‌افتد که آبدهی آن کم است. هر اندازه آب‌دهی رودخانه بیش‌تر باشد وقوع خشکسالی‌های شدید کاهش می‌یابد و ثبات جریان آن از رودخانه‌هایی با آب‌دهی کم بیش‌تر است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Spatial variations of hydrological drought in different time scales in rivers of Ardabil province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Nahideh Parchami 1
  • Raoof Mostafazadeh 2
  • Abazar Esmali Ouri 3
  • Rasol Imani 4

1 Ph.D Student of Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili

3 Professor, Department of Watershed Management and Member of Water Management Research Institute, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

4 Faculty of natural science, Dept of watershed managemet

چکیده [English]

During the occurrence of hydrological drought, the river flow will be reduced and the quality of the river ecosystem will be degraded. Determining the temporal and spatial variations of the hydrological drought makes it possible to plan for the optimal use of river water. In this study, temporal and spatial changes of river flow index (SDI) in watersheds of Ardabil province were evaluated. In this regard, daily flow time series of 28 hydrometric stations in Ardabil province were analysed. River flow drought index was calculated using DrinC software and then hydrological drought characteristics were analyzed and spatial variations of SDI index were determined in 1-month, 3-month, 6-month and annual temporal scales in GIS software. 1-month SDI values (short-term droughts) showed that severe droughts were more common in rivers with low discharge values. However, most rivers with low and high amounts of river flow discharge have experienced severe seasons. The annual (long-term) hydrological drought index in most stations was in the range of -1.5 SDI greater than or equal to -1, which indicates the occurrence of mild drought. Spatial changes of SDI showed that the spatial variations of drought index on a 1-month scale are completely different from the annual scale. The lowest occurrence of hydrological drought was in upstream stations and flowing rivers in Sabalan hillsides. Severe and very severe droughts occur in low discharge rivers. The higher the river discharge, the lower the incidence of severe droughts, and the greater its flow stability than low-discharge rivers.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Hydrological drought
  • Spatial variation
  • River drought index
  • DrinC
  • Ardabil Province
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