نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، ژئومورفولوژی، دانشکده برنامه ریزی و علوم محیطی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

2 استاد، ژئومورفولوژی، دانشکده برنامه ریزی و علوم محیطی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

چکیده

منطقه تمتمان ما بین طول جغرافیایی37◦ 38/00//- 37◦44/00// شمالی و عرض جغرافیایی44◦ 40/30// - 44◦ 59/ 30// شرقی در شمال غربی ایران، تقریباً در 15 کیلومتری شمال غربی ارومیه قرار داد. هدف از این مطالعه پهنه‌بندی پتانسیل توسعه کارست در محدوده غار تمتمان در استان آذربایجانغربی با استفاده از روش تحلیل سلسله مراتبی (AHP) می‌باشد. در این مطالعه لایه‌های اطلاعاتی لیتولوژی، تکتونیک، توپوگرافی، شیب و جهت شیب، هیدرولوژی، کاربری اراضی و اقلیم به عنوان نقشه‌های عامل در نظر گرفته‌ شده‌اند. لایه‌های فوق به منظور استخراج مدل پتانسیل کارست در محیط GIS فراخوانی شده‌اند. لایه‌های اطلاعاتی مختلف با اعمال قضاوت کارشناسی و اختصاص وزن هر لایه در نرم‌افزار Expert Choice و بازدیدهای صحرایی به صورت نقشه‌های معیار طبقه‌بندی شد. در نهایت با توجه به وزن بدست آمده نقشه پهنه-بندی توسعه کارست در منطقه تمتمان بدست آمد. نتایج بدست آمده در این منطقه نشان داد که از کل مساحت منطقه، 68/6 درصد در طبقه خیلی کم توسعه یافته، 64/15 درصد در طبقه کمتر توسعه یافته، 50/42 درصد در طبقه توسعه یافته نرمال و 18/35 درصد در طبقه توسعه یافته قرار گرفته است. نتایج نشانگر آن است که در منطقه تمتمان، فاکتور سنگ-شناسی و تکتونیک منطقه بیشترین وزن و مهم‌ترین فاکتور کنترل کننده‌ی پتانسیل توسعه کارست و فاکتور کاربری اراضی کمترین تأثیر در کارست‌زایی را بر عهده دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation and Zonation of Karst Development in Tamtaman Nazlo Chai Urmia Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Method

نویسندگان [English]

  • Reza Abbasian valandar 1
  • shahram roostaei 2
  • Davoud Mokhtari 2

1 Ph.D. student, Geomorphology, Faculty of Planning and Environmental Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

2 Professor, Geomorphology, Faculty of Planning and Environmental Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

چکیده [English]

The Tamtaman area is located between 37◦38/00//-37◦44/00//north and 44◦40/30//-44◦59/30// east in northwestern Iran, approximately 15 km northwest of Urmia. This study aims to identify and zoning the potential development of karst in the area of Tamtaman cave in west Azerbaijan province using the AHP method. In this study, the information layers of lithology, tectonics, topography, slope, aspect, hydrology, land use, and climate have been considered as factor maps. The above layers have been called to extract the karst potential model in the GIS environment. Different information layers were classified as Criterion maps by applying expert judgment and assigning the weight of each layer in Expert Choice software and field visits. Finally, according to the obtained weight, the karst development zoning map in the Tamtaman area was obtained. The results obtained in this region exhibited a total area, of 6.68% within the very poorly developed class, 15.64% in the less developed class, 42.50% in the normal developed class, and 35.18% in the developed floor are located. The results show that in the Tamtaman region, the lithological and tectonic factors have the highest weight and are the most important factors controlling potential karst growth, while the land-use factor has the least impact on karst formation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Karst Development
  • Analytic hierarchy process method
  • Zoning
  • Tamtaman cave
  • Northwest of Iran
 
British Columbia, Ministry of Forests. (2003). Karst Management Handbook for British Columbia. www.publications.gov.bc.ca.
Coon, C. S., (1951). Cave Explorations in Iran 1949, Museum Monographs, The University Museum, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
El-Naqa, A., Hammouri, N., Ibrahim, K., & El-Taj, M. (2009). Integrated approach for groundwater exploration in wadi Araba using remote sensing and GIS. Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering, 3(3): 229-243.
Ford, D.C., & Williams, P.W. (1989). Karst geomorphology and hydrology. 601 pp Springer Netherlands.
Ghobadi, M. (2010). Geology of Karst Engineering. Second Edition, Bou Ali Sina University Press, Hamadan, Iran. (In Persian)
Haji Hosseinlou, H. (2015). Kinematics of Transpressional Deformation in Urmia Fault Zone, (Northwest Iran). Iranian Journal of Earth Scinces, Vol 7, 59-67.
Haji Hosseinlou, H., & Abbasian Valandar, R. (2018). Evaluation and zoning of risk of rock falls in the Band area of Urmia (Urmia-Silvana Road path) using Anbalagan method. Journal of Geography and Enviromentsal Hazards, 8 (1): 83-102. (In Persian).
Hammouri, N., El-Naqa, A., & Barakat, M. (2012). An integrated approach to groundwater exploration using remote sensing and geographic information system. Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 4 (9): 717-724.
Hsin-Fu, Y., Cheng-Haw, L., Kuo-Chin, H., & Po-Hsun, c. (2008). GIS for the assessment of the groundwater recharge potential zone. Environ Geology Journal, Springer verlage, 10(1): 1504-1509.
Kalantari, N., Mahdipour, M., & Hamrayan Azad, V. (2017). The effect of structural and morphological phenomena on the emergence, nutrition, and turbidity of the Gerdab spring in the northeast of Andimeshk, Khuzestan province. Journal of Hydrogeomorphology, No. 9, p. 87–112. (In Persian).
Khedri, A., Rezaei, M., & Ashjari, J. (2014). Assessing Karst Development Potential in Pion Poyon Anticline using GIS, RS and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Iran-Water Resources Research, 9(3), 37-46. (In Persian).
Mahmoudi, F. (2007). Structural Geomorphology. Eighth Edition, Payame Noor Publications. (In Persian).
Maleki, A., Shahwani, D., & Alaiee Talegani, M. (2011). Karst evolution zoning in Kermanshah province, Journal of Human Science, No 1, pp 295-271. (In Persian).
Parise, M. (2008). Rock failures in karst. Landslides and Engineered Slopes – Chen et al. (eds). Conference Paper, London, ISBN 978-0-415-41196-7
Parise, M., & Gunn, J.(eds). (2007). Natural and Anthropogenic Hazards in Karst Areas: Recognition, Analysis, and Mitigation. Geol. Soc. London, sp. publ. 279, 202 pp.
Prasad, R. K., Mondal, N. C., Pallavi, B., & Nandakumar, MV. (2007). Deciphering potential groundwater zone in hard rock through the application of GIS, Environ Geology Journal, Springer-Verlag, 55(3): 467-475.
Rasouli, A., Emami, K., Babakhani, Z., & golshanizad, S. (2020). Karst development zoning to identify karst water resources using Fuzzy logic model and AHP (Takab Basin). Geography and Human Relationships, 2(4), 240-253. (In Persian).
Saaty, T.L. (1980). The Analytic Hierarchy Process, Mcgraw _ Hill, Inc., Reprinted By RWS Publications, Pittsburgh.
Shahrabi, M. (1986). Description of the geological map of Urmia square 1: 250,000. Ministry of Mines and Metals, Geological Survey of Iran. (In Persian).
Senakhan, A., Pourkermani, M., Haji Hosseinlou, H., & Hassanpour Sadeghi, M. (2013). Tectonic and seismic assessment of the Nazlo region of Urmia, northwestern Iran. 31st Earth Sciences Conference, Tehran, Geological Survey of Iran. (In Persian).
Sener, A., Davraz, A., & Ozcelik, M. (2005). An Integration of GIS and remote sensing in groundwater investigations: a case study in burdur, Turkey, Hydrogeology Journal, 13(6): 826-834.
Sepand, S., Chitasazan, M., Rangzan, K., & Mirzaei, Y. (2008). Combining Remote Sensing and GIS in the Potential Discovery of Groundwater Resources in the Lali Area. Tehran Geomatics Conference. (In Persian)
Subba Rao, N., Chakradhar, G., & Srinivas, V. (2001). Identification of groundwater potential zones using remote sensing techniques in and around Guntur Town, Andhra Pradesh India Journal of India society of Remote Sensing, 29(2): 69-78.
Tirla, L., Vijulie, I. (2013(. Structural–tectonic controls and geomorphology of the karst corridors in alpine limestone ridges: Southern Carpathians, Romania. Geomorphology Journal, Vol.197, pp. 123–136.
Waele, j., Plan, L., & Audra, P. (2009). Recent developments in surface and subsurface karst geomorphology: An introduction. Geomorphology, 106 (1-2), 1-8.
Waezi Hir, A., Jabraili Andrian, N., & Bakhtiari, S. (2020). Study of karst development in Kurdistan province: Mechanism of formation of the geomorphology of caves and hydrogeology of karst springs. Journal of Hydrogeomorphology, No. 20, Year 5, p. 41-56. (In Persian)
White, E., & White, W. (1969). Processes of cavern breakdown. Bull. Natl. Speleol. Soc. 31 (4): 83–96.
Yamani, M., Shamsipour, A., Jafari Aghdam, M., & Bagheri Seyed shokr, S. (2013). The Effective Factors on Development and Zoning of Karst in Cheleh Basin Using Fuzzy logic and AHP Models in Kermanshah Province. Scientific Quarterly Journal of Geosciences, 22(88), 57-68. doi:10.22071/gsj.2013.53641.(In Persian).
Zeng, S., Jiang, Y., & Liu, Z. (2016). Assessment of climate impacts on the karstrelated carbon sink in SW China using MPD and GIS. Global and Planetary Change, Vol. 144, pp.171-181.
Zerosh, N., Vaezi, A., & Karimi, H. (2015). Evaluation of karst development potential in the Kabir mountain anticline of Ilam province using fuzzy combination and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and remote sensing and GIS. Year 3, Number 3, pp. 144–157. (In Persian)