Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1
Professor in Geomorphology, Faculty of Planning and Environmental Sciences, University of Tabriz , Tabriz, Iran
2
Professor, Department of Geomorphology, Faculty of Planning and Environmental Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
3
PhD Student in Geomorphology, Aras Campus, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
10.22034/hyd.2026.72146.1848
Abstract
This study was conducted to assess the morphological changes of a reach of the Aras River (Khodaafarin to Mil-Mughan reach) using quantitative geomorphological indices and multi-temporal analyses (years 2000, 2012, and 2024). Using Landsat and Sentinel-2 satellite images, Digital Elevation Models (DEM), and ArcGIS and ENVI software, indices such as NDWI, sinuosity coefficient, central angle, lateral migration rate, mean directional linear index, and the transect method were employed. The findings indicate that the Aras River in the study reach exhibits significant lateral dynamics. The average lateral migration rate was about 8.4 m/year during the period 2000–2012, which decreased to 5.01 m/year during 2012–2024, mainly due to flow regulation by the Khodaafarin Dam, reduced discharge, and prolonged droughts. The dominant planform pattern throughout the study period was meandering, with the average sinuosity coefficient ranging between 1.28 and 1.31, and the average central angle fluctuating between 88 and 90 degrees. Two key processes—cutoffs (especially chute cutoffs) and local avulsions—played a major role in causing sudden changes and increasing lateral migration rates at specific reaches. Furthermore, lateral changes have mostly benefited the right bank (Iran) at the expense of the left bank (Azerbaijan), due to human interventions such as bank stabilization and land-use changes on the Iranian side. The results of this study emphasize the necessity of continuous monitoring and integrated, transboundary management of the Aras River, considering its border sensitivity and morphological dynamism, to reduce hazards, protect the ecosystem, and ensure equitable allocation of water resources.
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