نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم زمین،دانشکده عوم طبیعی،دانشگاه تبریز،تبریز،ایران

2 استاد هیدروژئولوژی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران،

3 دکتری هیدروژئولوژی، دانشکده علوم طبیعی، دانشگاه تبریز

چکیده

در سه دهه گذشته، مخازن آب زیرزمینی ایران با چالش‌های مهم و مرتبطی مواجه بوده است. کاهش همزمان حجم و کیفیت این آب‌ها که با افزایش آلاینده‌ها نیز برای اغلب مصارف غیر قابل استفاده می‌شود. بنابراین برای جلوگیری همین مقدار آب در دسترس ضرورت ارزیابی کیفیت آب‌های زیرزمینی و شناسایی عوامل انسانی یا طبیعی تاثیر گذار بر کیفیت بیش از پیش تاکید می‌شود. در این پژوهش ابتدا با بررسی هیدروژئوشیمیایی آلودگی حاصل از عناصر اصلی، فرعی و کمیاب شناسایی گردید و سپستغییرات آبنمود معرف آبخوان در مقابل هدایت الکتنوریکی منابع آب موجود در آبخوان دشت آذرشهر بررسی شده است. به‌منظور دستیابی به اهداف پژوهش در منطقه موردمطالعه داده های بلند مدت سطح آب و هدایت الکتریکی از آب منطقه‌ای استان آذربایجان شرقی اخذ شده و پس از بررسی اولیه، اقدام به نمونه‌برداری از چاه‌ها و قنات‌های موجود در منطقه گردید و تعداد 33 نمونه با توزیع مناسب از آبخوان برداشت گردیده و به آزمایشگاه آب دانشگاه تبریز منتقل شد. پارامترهای اندازه‌گیری شده شامل pH، هدایت الکتریکی، عناصر اصلی، فرعی و کمیاب بود. نتایج حاصل از تجزیه شیمیایی عناصر، غلظت بیش‌ازحد مجاز شرب نیترات و عناصر آرسنیک، سرب، نیکل و کروم را نشان داد. به منظور بررسی تیپ آب منطقه از نمودارهای پایپر و استیف استفاده شد که نشان داد تیپ آب عمدتا سولفاته و بیکربناته می‌باشد؛ که منشا آب‌های موجود مطابق سازندهای زمین‌شناسی منطقه، آب حاصل از اختلاط و آب‌های حاصل تعویض یونی بودند. همچنین یافته‌های حاصل از آنالیزهای آماری چند متغیره تحلیل عاملی نیز چهار گروه عاملی را در کیفیت منابع آب منطقه موثر نشان دادند که تنها عامل چهارم انسان‌زاد تلقی شد. به‌طور کل اکثریت عناصر کمیاب موجود در منابع آبی متأثر از سازندها و اندرکنش آب-سنگ است. روند کلی آبنمود معرف کمیت آبخوان در طی بازه زمانی 25 ساله تقریباَ متعادل و با شیب نزولی کم می‌باشد ولی روند کلی نمودار کموگراف هدایت الکتریکی در این آبخوان به صورت صعودی با شیب بسیار بالاتر است که نشانگر افزایش فعالیت‌های انسان‌زاد و وجود شورابه‌ها و لایه‌های با شوری بالا می‌باشد که در اثر انحلال و نفوذ به آب زیرزمینی منجر به کاهش کیفیت مخزن آب زیرزمینی شده است. در  منطقه مطالعاتی عمده نمونه‌های آلوده از نظر عناصر اصلی و کمیاب در اطراف شهر گوگان که انتهای دشت می‌باشد. آلودگی در انتهای دشت با روند کلی انحلال در مسیر حرکت آب‌زیرزمینی و تمرکز چاه‌های پمپاژ در این منطقه مرتبط است

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the quantity and quality of groundwater and its effect on the hydrogeochemistry of the Azarshahr plain aquifer and identifying the possible source of contamination

نویسندگان [English]

  • nasser jabraili andarian 1
  • Ata Allah Nadiri 2
  • Maryam Gharekhani 3

1 geology department, faculty of science,tabriz university,tabriz,iran

2 . Professor, Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran,

3 Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

چکیده [English]

Iran's groundwater reservoirs have faced significant and related challenges in the past three decades. The simultaneous decrease in the volume and quality of these waters, which are increasingly contaminated with pollutants, renders them largely unusable for many uses. Therefore, there is an increasing emphasis on evaluating the quality of groundwater and identifying anthropogenic or geogenic factors that affect its quality more than ever before. In this study, the hydrogeochemical pollution caused by major, minor, and trace elements was identified by examining the water table against the electrical conductivity of water resources in Azarshahr plain. Long-term data on water levels and electrical conductivity were obtained from regional water resources in East Azerbaijan province. After initial examination, 33 samples were collected from wells and qanats in the area and transferred to the water laboratory of Tabriz University for analysis. The measured parameters included pH, electrical conductivity, major, minor, and trace elements.The results of chemical analysis showed that the concentrations exceeding the permissible drinking limit for nitrates and elements such as Arsenic, Lead, Nickel, and Chromium. Piper diagrams and Stiff diagrams were used to determine the water type in the area; it was found that the water type is mainly sulfate and bicarbonate-based. The origin of the available water is related to the geological formations in the area as a result of mixing and ion exchange.Furthermore, multivariate statistical analysis using factor analysis revealed four influential factor groups affecting water quality in the area; only the fourth factor was attributed to anthropogenic. In general, most of the trace elements in water sources are influenced by formations and aquifer-rock interactions.The overall trend of groundwater quantity over a 25-year period is relatively stable with a slight downward slope; however, the general trend of electrical conductivity is ascending with a much steeper slope indicating an increase in anthropogenic activities as well as the presence of saline layers, which leads to a decrease in the quality of groundwater. Most of the contaminated samples in terms of major and trace elements are located around Gowgan city at the end of the plain. The pollution at this end is related to dissolution trends along with movement paths of groundwater flow and density of pumping wells in this area.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Trace elements
  • Piper diagram
  • Factor analysis
  • Hydrograph
  • Azarshahr plain aquifer
 
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