تغییرات پهنه سدهای غرب افغانستان و تاثیر آن بر منابع آبی چاه نیمه های زابل در بازه زمانی ۳۰ ساله با استفاده از سنجنده TM ماهواره لندست 5 و سنجنده OLI و TIRS ماهواره لندست 8

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشیار گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

چکیده

استخراج پهنه آبی در بخش های غربی افغانستان از طریق تصاویر سنجش از دور راهی کارآمد برای پایش منابع آب و تاثیر آن بر منابع آبی شرق ایران به خصوص چاه نیمه های سیستان و بلوچستان به شمار می آید. در این تحقیق از سنجنده OLI ماهواره لندست ۸ و سنجنده TM ماهواره لندست 5، شاخص های طیفی تفاوت نرمال شده آب (NDWI)، شاخص اصلاح شده تفاوت نرمال شده آب (MNDWI)، شاخص تفاوت نرمال شده رطوبت (NDMI)، شاخص استخراج خودکار آب (AWEI)، شاخص جدید آب (NWI)، و شاخص نسبت آب (WRI) برای استخراج پهنه های آبی استفاده شده است. مقادیر حاصل از تمامی شاخص ها به نتایج مشابهی دست یافته اند. پهنه سد ارغنداب در بدترین حالت تنها 44/2 کیلومتر مربع کاهش یافته و شاخص NDMI نشان از افزایش 65/0 کیلومتر مربعی در منابع رطوبتی این سد داشته است. لیکن سطح چاه نیمه های جنوب زابل از 94/55 کیلومتر مربع به 82/17 کیلومتر مربع کاهش یافته که کاهشی معادل 12/38 کیلومتر مربع را نشان می دهد. این امر نشان از کاهش شدید سطح چاه نیمه ها دارد. این امر باعث ساطع شدن دمای بیشتر در مناطق خشک شده گردیده است. لیکن دمای حداقل از 47/17 درجه به 87/11 درجه سانتیگراد کاهش یافته که کاهشی معادل 95/1 درجه سانتیگراد را تجربه کرده است. شاخص LST با تمامی شاخص ها دارای همبستگی منفی بوده و بیشترین همبستگی مربوط به شاخص NWI به میزان 941/0- در سال 1994بوده است. کمترین میزان همبستگی نیز به میزان 65/0- مربوط به شاخص NDMI به دست آمد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Changes in the area of dams in western Afghanistan and its impact on the water resources of the Zabul Chahnime in a period of 30 years using the TM sensor of the Landsat 5 satellite and the OLI and TIRS sensors of the Landsat 8 satellite

نویسنده [English]

  • Mehdi Feyzolahpour
Associate Professor, Geomorphology, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Extraction of the water zone in the western parts of Afghanistan through remote sensing images is an efficient way to investigate and monitor water resources and its impact on the water resources of eastern Iran, especially the wells of Sistan and Baluchestan. In this research, from OLI sensor of Landsat 8 satellite and TM sensor of Landsat 5 satellite, Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI), normalized difference moisture index (NDMI), automated water extracted index (AWEI), new water index (NWI), and water ratio index (WRI) have been used to extract water areas. In the worst case, the area of the Arghandab dam has decreased by only 2.44 km upstream and the NDMI index has shown an increase of 0.65 square km in the moisture resources of this dam. However, the surface of the well in the southern half of Zabul has decreased from 55.94 square kilometers to 17.82 square kilometers, which shows a decrease of 38.12 square kilometers. This shows a sharp decrease in the level of the semi-well. This has caused more heat to be emitted in the dry areas. But the minimum temperature has decreased from 17.47 degrees to 11.87 degrees Celsius, which has experienced a decrease of 1.95 degrees Celsius. The LST index has a negative correlation with all the indices and the highest correlation with the NWI index was -0.941 in 1994. The lowest correlation was also obtained at the rate of -0.65 related to the NDMI index.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Arghandab
  • Kajaki
  • Chahnime
  • water bodies
  • Sistan and Baluchestan

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 20 آذر 1402
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 20 دی 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 24 دی 1402

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