تجزیه و تحلیل و پهنه‌بندی میزان فرسایش خاک و ارتباط آن با شاخص‌های هیدروژئومورفیک و پوشش‌گیاهی ، مطالعه موردی: حوزه آبریز خیاوچای، مشکین شهر

عابدینی, موسی; پاسبان, امیرحسام

doi:10.22034/hyd.2023.58528.1708

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ استاد گروه جغرافیای طبیعی (ژئومورفولوژی)، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

² دانشجوی مقطع دکترای گروه جغرافیای طبیعی (ژئومورفولوژی)، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران،

https://doi.org/10.22034/hyd.2023.58528.1708

چکیده

فرسایش خاک از جمله تهدیدات زیست‌محیطی جدی است که می‌تواند بر جنبههای سیاسی، اجتماعی و اقتصادی کشورها تأثیر بگذارد. یکی از مدل‌های تجربی پرکاربرد برای تخمین میزان فرسایش خاک معادله جهانی فرسایش خاک اصلاح‌شده موسوم به مدل RUSLE می‌باشد. هدف از این پژوهش تجزیه و تحلیل و پهنه‌بندی میزان فرسایش خاک و ارتباط آن با شاخص‌های هیدروژئومورفیک و پوششگیاهی حوضه آبریز خیاوچای مشکین شهر می‌باشد. فاکتورهای مدل RUSLE شامل فرسایندگیباران (R)، فرسایش‌پذیری خاک (K)، توپوگرافی (LS)، پوششگیاهی (C) و عملیات حفاظتی (P) است که به ترتیب عامل فرسایندگی باران با استفاده از داده‌های بارندگی، لایه بافت خاک، مدل رقومی ارتفاعی و کاربری اراضی می‌باشد در محیط سامانه اطلاعات مکانی (GIS) تهیه شده‌اند و پس از روی‌هم‌گذاری لایه‌ها، مقدار فرسایش سالانه خاک بین 0 تا 54/150 تن بر هکتار در سال در سطح حوضه برآورد شد. در گام بعد شاخص‌های هیدروژئومورفیک و پوششگیاهی که در رخداد فرسایش خاک موثر هستند شامل شاخص رطوبت توپوگرافی (TWI)، شاخص توان آبراهه (SPI)، شاخص انحناءدامنه (Curvatore)، شاخص انحناء مقطع (Profil Curvatore)، شاخص انحناء سطح (Plan Curvatore) و شاخص پوشش گیاهی عادی (NDVI) در محیط ArcMap ایجاد و نقشه‌های پهنه‌بندی تهیه شدند. نتایج این پژوهش همچنین نشان داد عامل توپوگرافی با ضریب همبستگی 92/0 درصد بیش‌ترین تاثیر را در برآورد فرسایش سالانه خاک توسط مدل RUSLE داشته است. در بررسی دیگر ارتباط بین شاخص‌های هیدروژئومورفیک و پوششگیاهی با میزان فرسایش سالانه خاک انجام گرفت و نتایج نشان داد که شاخص‌های تفاضل پوششگیاهی نرمال‌شده و انحناء مقطع به‌ترتیب با ضریب همبستگی 57/0 و 05/0 نسبت به شاخص‌های دیگر به‌ترتیب بیش‌‌ترین و کم‌ترین تاثیرگذاری را دارا می‌باشند. نتایج این پژوهش امکان تلفیق شاخص‌های موثر هیدروژئومورفیک و پوششگیاهی بر فرسایش و نیز امکان استفاده از سایر شاخص‌های موثر و قابلیت‌های RS و GIS را جهت تخمین کمی مقادیر فرسایش خاک را تایید می‌نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

ژئومورفولوژی

عنوان مقاله [English]

Analysis and zoning of soil erosion rate and its relationship with hydrogeomorphic indicators and vegetation (case study: Khiavchai watershed, MeshkinShahr)

نویسندگان [English]

Mousa Abedini ¹
AmirHesam Pasban ²

¹ Professor in Geomorphology Faculty social science University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil

² department geographi university of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil

چکیده [English]

Soil erosion is one of the serious environmental threats that can affect the political, social and economic aspects of countries. One of the widely used experimental models for estimating the amount of soil erosion is the modified global soil erosion equation known as the RUSLE model. The purpose of this research is to analyze and zonate the amount of soil erosion and its relationship with hydrogeomorphic indicators and vegetation cover of Khiavchai Meshkinshahr watershed in Ardabil province. RUSLE model factors include rain erosion (R), soil erodibility (K), topography (LS), vegetation (C) and protection operations (P). respectively, by using rainfall data, soil texture layer, digital model of height and land use were prepared in the environment of geographic information system (GIS) and after overlapping the layers, the amount of annual soil erosion between 0 and 150.54 tons per hectare per year in The area level was estimated. In the next step, the hydrogeomorphic and vegetation indices that are effective in soil erosion include topographic moisture index (TWI), waterway capacity index (SPI), domain curvature index (Curvatore), section curvature index (Profil Curvatore), surface curvature index (Plan) Curvatore) and Normalized Vegetation Index (NDVI) were created in ArcMap environment and zoning maps were prepared. The results of this research also showed that the topography factor with a correlation coefficient of 0.92% had the greatest impact on the estimation of annual soil erosion by the RUSLE model. In another study, the relationship between hydrogeomorphic indices and vegetation cover with annual soil erosion rate was conducted, and the results showed that normal vegetation cover indices and cross-sectional curvature were the most and least effective with correlation coefficients of 0.57 and 0.05, respectively, compared to other indices.The results of this research confirm the possibility of combining the effective indicators of hydrogeomorphic and vegetation on erosion, as well as the possibility of using other effective indicators and the capabilities of RS and GIS to quantitatively estimate the amounts of soil erosion.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Soil Erosion
Regression
RUSLE model
Normal Vegetation Index
Hydrogeomorphic
Khiavchai watershed
Northwest of iran

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هیدروژئومورفولوژی

تجزیه و تحلیل و پهنه‌بندی میزان فرسایش خاک و ارتباط آن با شاخص‌های هیدروژئومورفیک و پوشش‌گیاهی ، مطالعه موردی: حوزه آبریز خیاوچای، مشکین شهر

مراجع

مراجع

دوره 11، شماره 38 - شماره پیاپی 38
فروردین 1403
صفحه 59-40

تجزیه و تحلیل و پهنه‌بندی میزان فرسایش خاک و ارتباط آن با شاخص‌های هیدروژئومورفیک و پوشش‌گیاهی ، مطالعه موردی: حوزه آبریز خیاوچای، مشکین شهر

مراجع

مراجع

دوره 11، شماره 38 - شماره پیاپی 38فروردین 1403صفحه 59-40

دوره 11، شماره 38 - شماره پیاپی 38
فروردین 1403
صفحه 59-40