نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد گروه جغرافیای طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، ایران

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد ژئومورفولوژی و آمایش محیط، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه منابع طبیعی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

4 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد سنجش از دور و GIS، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

چکیده

سیلاب از جمله مخاطرات طبیعی است که پیش‌بینی آن نیازمند ارزیابی پاسخ هیدرولوژیکی حوضه به مقادیر بارش است. با توجه به تنوع مدل‌های بارش-رواناب، انتخاب مدل مناسب شبیه‌سازی رفتار هیدرولوژیکی از اهمیت بسیاری برخوردار است. این مطالعه در حوضه ننه‌کران در استان اردبیل با هدف ارزیابی انواع روش‌های تبدیل بارش به رواناب سطحی، شامل هیدروگراف واحد مثلثی، مثلثی شکسته، مثلثی متغیر و SCS با مدل هیدرولوژیکی Wildcat5 پرداخته شده است. مقادیر بارش در دوره بازگشت 25 ساله با استفاده از نرم‌افزار Cumfreq محاسبه شد. پس از استخراج نقشه کاربری اراضی با استفاده از تصاویر ماهواره‌ای، مساحت هر کاربری در حوضه با نرم‌افزارArcGIS  محاسبه شده است. در همه روش‌های تبدیل بارش به رواناب مقادیر بارش، زمان تمرکز ثابت بوده تا بهتر میزان تغییرات در مولفه‌های هیدروگراف نمایان شود. نتایج نشان داد که روش SCS بیش‌ترین دبی به مقدار 50/44 مترمکعب بر ثانیه، حداقل زمان تا اوج به مقدار 19/2 ساعت داشته و روش مثلثی متغیر هم از کم‌ترین میزان دبی اوج برخوردار بوده است. هم‌چنین روش مثلثی ساده حداکثر زمان تا اوج به مقدار 51/4 ساعت را به خود اختصاص داده که حاکی از تفاوت بسیار زیاد هیدروگراف روش SCS با سه روش دیگر بود. در مجموع روش SCS برای تخمین مولفه‌های هیدروگراف توصیه می‌شود، چون از پارامترهای مورفومتریک مانند شیب حوضه و شماره منحنی که تابعی از ویژگی‌های خاک و پوشش گیاهی حوضه استفاده می‌کند. در انتخاب روش‌ تبدیل بارش موثر به رواناب باید دقت بیش‌تری در تخمین شماره منحنی و زمان تمرکز مدنظر قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of Effective Rainfall Conversion Methods to Surface Runoff in Flood Hydrographic Simulation of Nanehkaran Watershed, Ardabil Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fariba Esfandyari Darabad 1
  • Zeinab Pourganji 2
  • Raoof Mostafazadeh 3
  • Maryam Aghaie 4

1 Professor, Department of Natural Geography, Faculty of Social Sciences, , University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.

2 M.Sc Student of Geomorphology-Environmental Management, Faculty of Social Sciences, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Ardabil, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili

4 M.Sc. Graduated in Remote Sensing and GIS, Department of Literature and Humanities, Faculty of Natural Geography, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Ardabil, Iran

چکیده [English]



Floods as destructive natural hazards need to be predicted in accurate way through evaluation of the hydrological response of watersheds to the effective input rainfall. Due to the variety of rainfall-runoff models, it is very important to choose a suitable model that can simulate the hydrological behavior of the watershed. In this study, various rainfall-runoff transformation methods have been evaluated, including triangular, broken triangular, variable triangular and SCS-curvilinear unit hydrograph methods in Nenekaran watershed, Ardabil province. In this regard, the Wildcat5 hydrological model have been used to this purpose. The precipitation amount at the 25-year return period was calculated using Cumfreq software. After preparing the land use map of the study area using satellite images, the area of each land use in the area has been calculated using ArcGIS software. The precipitation value and the time of concentration were considered constant during the simulation procedure. The results showed that the SCS method had the highest runoff of 44.50 cubic meters per second. The minimum time to the peak was 2.19 hours and the variable triangular method had the lowest peak flow rate. The simple triangular method has a maximum time to peak of 4.51 hours, which shows the great difference between the hydrograph of the SCS method and the other three methods. The difference in the nature of the methods, the watershed condition, and the suitability of estimating tc and CN parameters should be considered in rainfall-runoff transformation methods.


کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Flood
  • Unit hydrograph
  • Rainfall-runoff
  • Flow simulation
  • Hydrological modeling
  • Nanehkaran Watershed
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