Spatial Pattern Point Analysis of Land Subsidence and Gullies Using a Spatial Statistics Approach (Case Study: Darab County, Fars Province, Iran)

Articles in Press

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

2 Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

10.22034/hyd.2026.71978.1846

Abstract

The aim of this study is to analyze the spatial patterns of land subsidence and gully features identified in Darab County, Fars Province, Iran, using a spatial statistics approach. Data on subsidence cracks and gullies were collected through field surveys across the county. Univariate statistics (L(r), g(r), and O-ring functions) and bivariate statistics (L₁₂(r), g₁₂(r), and O₁₂(r)) were applied using Programita software with Monte Carlo simulations and 199 iterations.



The univariate results clearly showed that the spatial distribution patterns of both subsidence and gully features are clustered, with statistical significance confirmed at the 95% confidence level. This indicates that the controlling factors are concentrated in specific areas, leading to the formation of critical hazard zones.



The bivariate results revealed a positive and statistically significant spatial relationship between gullies and subsidence features, indicating that these two phenomena tend to occur near one another. The findings demonstrate that the distribution of subsidence and gullies in Darab County is highly structured, clustered, and spatially interconnected. These results highlight the necessity of shifting from uniform management approaches to targeted, hotspot-based management strategies.

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Journal of Hydrogeomorphology

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 04 July 2026

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History

  • Receive Date: 18 April 2026
  • Revise Date: 03 July 2026
  • Accept Date: 04 July 2026

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