Identification and Mapping of Continuous Landslide Material Movements Using Sentinel-1 Radar Images and Their Relationship with Land Use: Case Study of Sala vat Abad Pass, Kurdistan Province.

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Ph.D. student in Geomorphology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences Planning, Tabriz University ,Tabriz .Iran

2 ، . Shahram Roostei- Professor of Department of Geomorphology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences Planning, Tabriz University, Tabriz. Iran

3 Ph.D. Ali Zareian - Ph.D. student in Geomorphology, Faculty of Planning and Environmental Sciences, Tabriz University. Tabriz, Iran. Email:Ali.Zareiyan1210@gmail.com

Abstract

 
The mechanisms of landslide occurrence are influenced not only by internal and external (climatic) factors but also by anthropogenic activities. The study area, Salavatabad Pass, is located in the east of Sanandaj County, Kurdistan Province, along the Sanandaj–Hamadan transportation route. This area is highly vulnerable to frequent landslides each year. The passage of the main Sanandaj–Hamadan road and human activities, such as unregulated construction, gardening, and road construction, have exacerbated these hazards. The present study aims to identify, measure, and classify the continuous mass movements using radar interferometry and examine their relationship with land use patterns. To assess vegetation cover dynamics, eight Sentinel-2 images were utilized to derive the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), which helped determine the appropriate dates for acquiring radar images. Subsequently, eight Sentinel-1 radar images from a four-year period (2016/08/20 – 2023/05/09) were processed using interferometric analysis in SNAP software. Additionally, a Landsat-8 image (2023) was used for land use classification. After applying atmospheric and radiometric corrections, a supervised classification (Maximum Likelihood Classification) was performed in ArcGIS, categorizing land use into six classes. The interferometric results revealed an annual displacement of 1.2 cm, totaling 9.5 cm over the study period. The hazard zoning indicated that 20% of the area, primarily classified as bare land and rangeland, fell into the high-risk category, while 40%, with land uses including rangeland, barren land, roads, and agricultural areas, was classified as moderate risk. The road network was separately analyzed and divided into four segments, where the first segment (900 m long) was classified as high risk, and the second segment (6.6 km long) fell into the moderate-risk category. Ultimately, 14 unstable zones were identified along the road corridor. Among them, zones 1, 2, 7, and 8 exhibited the highest displacement (-4.6 to -2 cm), while zone 12 showed the least movement (-2 to -0.6 cm). The results further indicated that slopes facing north, northwest, south, and west experienced the most significant displacements.

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References

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History

  • Receive Date: 30 November 2024
  • Revise Date: 09 March 2025
  • Accept Date: 11 March 2025

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