نقش لندفرم ها و لیتولوژی در میزان فرسایش خاک حوضه آبریز زنوزچای

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد گروه ژئومورفولوژی دانشگاه تبریز

2 فارغ التحصیل دانشگاه تبریز

چکیده

هدف پژوهش حاضر، برآورد میزان فرسایش خاک و بررسی نقش لندفرم‌ها و واحدهای لیتولوژی در فرسایش خاک حوضه آبریز زنوزچای شهرستان مرند می‌باشد. در این پژوهش برای برآورد میزان فرسایش خاک از مدل جهانی اصلاح شده هدررفت خاک (RUSLE)، سامانۀ اطلاعات جغرافیایی(GIS) و سنجش از دور (RS) استفاده شد. برای اجرای مدل عوامل فرسایندگی باران (R)، فرسایش‌پذیری خاک (K)، توپوگرافی (LS)، حفاظت خاک (P) و مدیریت پوشش گیاهی (C) در محیط Arc GIS محاسبه و سپس نقشه فرسایش خاک در 5 کلاس خطر (بسیار کم، کم، متوسط، زیاد و خیلی زیاد) ترسیم شد. برای طبقه‌بندی و ترسیم نقشه لندفرم‌ها نیز از شاخص موقعیت توپوگرافی (TPI) استفاده شد. سپس نقش لندفرم‌ها و واحدهای لیتولوژی مختلف در ارتباط با نرخ فرسایش خاک و با تلفیق نقشه‌های مربوطه بررسی شدند. نتایج اجرای مدل نشان داد که متوسط فرسایش خاک 1/71 تن در هکتار در سال است. نتایج نقشه فرسایش نشان داد که بخش عمده‌ای از حوضه (67/07درصد) جزء طبقه فرسایشی خیلی‌کم و 2/37 درصد آن در طبقه فرسایشی خیلی زیاد و زیاد قرار دارند. با تلفیق نقشه لندفرم‌ها و فرسایش خاک معلوم شد که بیشترین فرسایش در مجموع به دره‌ها و بریدگی‌های واقع بر ارتفاعات و دامنه‌ها و سپس ستیغ‌های مرتفع و قله‌ کوه‌ها اختصاص دارد. در حوضه زنوزچای، فرسایش خاک بیشتر بر روی نهشته‌های تیپ فلیش، کنگلومرای قرمز و خاکستری با میان لایه‌های مارنی و پادگانه‌های آبرفتی می‌باشد. ضریب همبستگی بین عوامل مدل (RUSLE) و فرسایش خاک نشان داد عامل توپوگرافی (LS) بیشترین اثرگذاری را در محاسبه میزان فرسایش حوضه زنوزچای دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The role of landforms and lithology in the rate of soil erosion in Zonuzchay Catchment

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fariba Karami 1
  • Davoud Mokhtari 1
  • Farnush Ahmadi 2
1 Professor of Department of Geomorphology, Faculty of Planning and Environmental Sciences. Tabriz University
2 University of Tabriz
چکیده [English]

The aim of this study is to estimate the rate of soil erosion and its relationship with landforms of Zonuzchay catchment in Marand city. In this study to estimate the rate of soil erosion and sediment production, the modified global model of soil loss (RUSEL), geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) was used. To implement the model, rainfall erosivity factors (R), soil erodibility factor (K), slope length-gradient factor (LS), support practice factor (P), and cover-management factor (C) in Arc GIS environment calculated and Then a soil erosion map was drawn. Topographic position index (TPI) was used to classify and map the landforms of the basin. Then, the role of different landforms in relation to soil erosion rates was investigated by combining relevant maps. The results showed that the values of soil erosion in Zonuzchay basin vary between 0 and 50.20 tons per hectare per year. Valleys and cuts located on heights and slopes have the highest rate of erosion and low-slope domains and flat areas and plains include areas with low and very low erosion. In Zonuzchay basin, soil erosion is mostly on the builders of Flysch type deposits, red and gray conglomerates with Marny layers and alluvial terraces. Investigation of regression relationships between (RUSLE) model factors and soil erosion of Zonuzchay basin showed that the slope length-gradient factor has the greatest effect in calculating the rate of erosion of Zonuzchay basin. .

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • RUSLE Model
  • .TPI Index
  • . lithology. Zonuzchay catchment
  • . NW Iran

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 01 آبان 1401
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 01 تیر 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 12 تیر 1402

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