University of TabrizJournal of Hydrogeomorphology2383-3254114020241021The effectiveness of Random Tree Algorithm (RTC), Maximum Likelihood (MLC), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) models in detecting changes in the water area of Lake Neor and the effects of these changes on the surface temperature using the LST model in the 2002-2022 periodThe effectiveness of Random Tree Algorithm (RTC), Maximum Likelihood (MLC), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) models in detecting changes in the water area of Lake Neor and the effects of these changes on the surface temperature using the LST model in the 2002-2022 period2111868110.22034/hyd.2024.18681FAMehdiFeyzolahpour. Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Zanjan UniversityJournal Article20230907Changes in land cover and land use due to human activities have left adverse effects on the environment. The eastern regions of Ardabil province are a clear example of this phenomenon. The purpose of this research is to analyze spatial and temporal changes in land cover and land use and its effects on the temperature of the surface of the earth in Lake Neor. To estimate land use and land cover, random forest models (RTC), maximum likelihood model (MLC) and support vector machine (SVM) were used and the efficiency of each was estimated by the Kappa coefficient and it was observed that the SVM model has the highest Kappa coefficient (0.87) Bands 6, 5 and 10 of Landsat 8 were also used to extract the LST index, and it was observed that the western part of the lake faced an increase in the temperature of the earth's surface. During the time period of 2002, 2013 and 2022, significant changes were observed in the water area of Neor Lake and its nearby vegetation. Barren lands had the largest extent in all studied periods. Vegetation has increased by 1.04 square kilometers based on SVM model. The surface area of the lake was estimated as 3.19 square kilometers based on the MLC model in 2002. The area of the water zone in the MLC model has decreased by 1.56 square kilometers between 2002 and 2022, and this decrease is 0.67 and 0.69 square kilometers for the RTC and SVM models, respectively.Changes in land cover and land use due to human activities have left adverse effects on the environment. The eastern regions of Ardabil province are a clear example of this phenomenon. The purpose of this research is to analyze spatial and temporal changes in land cover and land use and its effects on the temperature of the surface of the earth in Lake Neor. To estimate land use and land cover, random forest models (RTC), maximum likelihood model (MLC) and support vector machine (SVM) were used and the efficiency of each was estimated by the Kappa coefficient and it was observed that the SVM model has the highest Kappa coefficient (0.87) Bands 6, 5 and 10 of Landsat 8 were also used to extract the LST index, and it was observed that the western part of the lake faced an increase in the temperature of the earth's surface. During the time period of 2002, 2013 and 2022, significant changes were observed in the water area of Neor Lake and its nearby vegetation. Barren lands had the largest extent in all studied periods. Vegetation has increased by 1.04 square kilometers based on SVM model. The surface area of the lake was estimated as 3.19 square kilometers based on the MLC model in 2002. The area of the water zone in the MLC model has decreased by 1.56 square kilometers between 2002 and 2022, and this decrease is 0.67 and 0.69 square kilometers for the RTC and SVM models, respectively.https://hyd.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_18681_587b8f9ee7107260df0708c1d60eb677.pdfUniversity of TabrizJournal of Hydrogeomorphology2383-3254114020241021Comparative evaluation of a semi-distributed hydrological model with an integrated model to simulate the runoff of Gomanab Chai basinComparative evaluation of a semi-distributed hydrological model with an integrated model to simulate the runoff of Gomanab Chai basin39221777610.22034/hyd.2024.59474.1715FAMohammad HosseinRezaei MoghaddamProfessor of Geomorphology, Department of Geomorphology, University of Tabriz, tabriz, IranDavoudMokhtariProfessor of Geomorphology, Department of Geomorphology, University of Tabriz, tabriz, IranMeysamSkandarialniPhD student of Geomorphology, Department of Geomorphology, University of Tabriz, tabriz, IranJournal Article20231210Hydrological models are an effective tool for managing water resources as well as water balance components among research works. Today, basin hydrological models have been developed, but choosing the right model to simulate a specific basin has always been a challenge. Therefore, it is necessary to choose a model that can simulate the hydrological processes with the simplicity of the structure and using minimal factors. Northwest Iran was simulated by AWBM and SWAT models. The AWBM model is an integrated model that simulates the runoff in catchment areas using two variables, rainfall and evaporation, and on the other hand, the SWAT model is a continuous and semi-distributed model that simulates hydrological processes using the physical characteristics of the basin (soil, land use, slope) as well as several water and meteorological information such as rainfall, temperature. The results of runoff simulation in the calibration and validation periods were evaluated using two Nash Sutcliffe statistical indices (NSE) and R2 coefficient of determination. By comparing the results of the statistical indicators used in the study, it was found that the SWAT model has better results in the simulation of monthly runoff in the validation and validation periods.Hydrological models are an effective tool for managing water resources as well as water balance components among research works. Today, basin hydrological models have been developed, but choosing the right model to simulate a specific basin has always been a challenge. Therefore, it is necessary to choose a model that can simulate the hydrological processes with the simplicity of the structure and using minimal factors. Northwest Iran was simulated by AWBM and SWAT models. The AWBM model is an integrated model that simulates the runoff in catchment areas using two variables, rainfall and evaporation, and on the other hand, the SWAT model is a continuous and semi-distributed model that simulates hydrological processes using the physical characteristics of the basin (soil, land use, slope) as well as several water and meteorological information such as rainfall, temperature. The results of runoff simulation in the calibration and validation periods were evaluated using two Nash Sutcliffe statistical indices (NSE) and R2 coefficient of determination. By comparing the results of the statistical indicators used in the study, it was found that the SWAT model has better results in the simulation of monthly runoff in the validation and validation periods.https://hyd.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_17776_17464d4943033c7932c68eccf539bd59.pdfUniversity of TabrizJournal of Hydrogeomorphology2383-3254114020241021Evaluation of the morphological changes of Haraz river following human pressures in the Amol city, MazandaranEvaluation of the morphological changes of Haraz river following human pressures in the Amol city, Mazandaran57401836610.22034/hyd.2024.61151.1733FARezaEsmailiAssociate Professor, Department of Geography, Faculty of Social Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, IranNiushaNourizadeh NesheliM.S Student, Department of Geography, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, IranJournal Article20240413Rivers are natural systems that have undergone significant changes in their morphology due to human pressures over the past decades. The factors influencing river morphological changes and their responses vary across different regions. Consequently, in the present study, morphological changes in a section of the Haraz River in of Amol city were investigated over a 53-year period (from 1968 to 2021).The changes in river width, planform, and riverbed landforms were examined using aerial photographs and satellite imagery. Subsequently, by calculating the specific stream power and conducting field observations, the hazards associated with the river channel were identified. In 1968, the average river width was measured at 141 meters, but by the years 2006 and 2021, it had decreased to 55 meters. The area of riverbed landforms, including the active riverbed and longitudinal bars, decreased by 50% and 95%, respectively, during this period. The river channel transitioned from a braided pattern to a single-channel pattern due to channel narrowing and significant reduction in longitudinal bars. These changes led to an increase in stream power and erosional processes, resulting in river incision and bank erosion. Key factors contributing to the morphological alterations in the study area included the reduction in base flow, irrigation channel diversion, and land use changes along the river margins. Considering the observed trends, the construction of a new dam (Haraz Dam), continued exploitation of floodplain areas, and channelization could exacerbate the risks associated with the river channel and lead to significant floods.Rivers are natural systems that have undergone significant changes in their morphology due to human pressures over the past decades. The factors influencing river morphological changes and their responses vary across different regions. Consequently, in the present study, morphological changes in a section of the Haraz River in of Amol city were investigated over a 53-year period (from 1968 to 2021).The changes in river width, planform, and riverbed landforms were examined using aerial photographs and satellite imagery. Subsequently, by calculating the specific stream power and conducting field observations, the hazards associated with the river channel were identified. In 1968, the average river width was measured at 141 meters, but by the years 2006 and 2021, it had decreased to 55 meters. The area of riverbed landforms, including the active riverbed and longitudinal bars, decreased by 50% and 95%, respectively, during this period. The river channel transitioned from a braided pattern to a single-channel pattern due to channel narrowing and significant reduction in longitudinal bars. These changes led to an increase in stream power and erosional processes, resulting in river incision and bank erosion. Key factors contributing to the morphological alterations in the study area included the reduction in base flow, irrigation channel diversion, and land use changes along the river margins. Considering the observed trends, the construction of a new dam (Haraz Dam), continued exploitation of floodplain areas, and channelization could exacerbate the risks associated with the river channel and lead to significant floods.https://hyd.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_18366_e249477cd4e7a8a52c8728a4b7c766e0.pdfUniversity of TabrizJournal of Hydrogeomorphology2383-3254114020241021Investigation on Groundwater Recharge Mapping Using GIS based intgarted spatial sdeceion making systesms: A Case Study from Quetta Region, PakistanInvestigation on Groundwater Recharge Mapping Using GIS based intgarted spatial sdeceion making systesms: A Case Study from Quetta Region, Pakistan86581810010.22034/hyd.2024.61290.1734FAImadAliPhd Student, Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, University of Tabriz, IranMaryamBayati Khatibi. Professor, Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, University of Tabriz, Iran,m_bayati@tabrizu.ac.irSadraKarimzadehAَssistant professor,, Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, University of Tabriz, Iran,Journal Article20240420This study aimed to delineate groundwater recharge zones using a combination of analytical hierarchy process (AHP), fuzzy-AHP, and frequency ratio (FR) models. Additionally, it aimed to compare the effectiveness of these models in groundwater recharge potential zone mapping. To achieve these objectives, nine groundwater influencing factors were considered, including geology, soil types, lineament density, elevation, slope, topographic wetness index, drainage density, land use land cover, and rainfall. Thematic maps for all these factors were generated using satellite and conventional data in the ArcGIS environment. Weight was assigned to each thematic layer based on its significance to recharge. All thematic layers were combined using AHP model-l (WLC), AHP model-ll (Weighted sum), fuzzy-AHP overlay, and FR-based model using ArcGIS. The findings revealed that 15% and 39% of the study area have high recharge potentials according to AHP-based model-l and model-ll, respectively. The FAHP model demarcated 43% of the area as high recharge zones while the FR model demarcated 42% of the area as high recharge zones. The majority of high groundwater recharge areas were found in the central part of the study area, while the southern part was demarcated as a moderate recharge zone. The eastern and western parts were demarcated as low recharge potentials zones. To validate the accuracy of these models, the study used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) validation curves. The ROC curves revealed that AHP model-ll had the highest accuracy (AUC=89%) followed by the FAHP model (AUC=88%), AHP model-l (AUC=84%), and FR (AUC=81%)This study aimed to delineate groundwater recharge zones using a combination of analytical hierarchy process (AHP), fuzzy-AHP, and frequency ratio (FR) models. Additionally, it aimed to compare the effectiveness of these models in groundwater recharge potential zone mapping. To achieve these objectives, nine groundwater influencing factors were considered, including geology, soil types, lineament density, elevation, slope, topographic wetness index, drainage density, land use land cover, and rainfall. Thematic maps for all these factors were generated using satellite and conventional data in the ArcGIS environment. Weight was assigned to each thematic layer based on its significance to recharge. All thematic layers were combined using AHP model-l (WLC), AHP model-ll (Weighted sum), fuzzy-AHP overlay, and FR-based model using ArcGIS. The findings revealed that 15% and 39% of the study area have high recharge potentials according to AHP-based model-l and model-ll, respectively. The FAHP model demarcated 43% of the area as high recharge zones while the FR model demarcated 42% of the area as high recharge zones. The majority of high groundwater recharge areas were found in the central part of the study area, while the southern part was demarcated as a moderate recharge zone. The eastern and western parts were demarcated as low recharge potentials zones. To validate the accuracy of these models, the study used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) validation curves. The ROC curves revealed that AHP model-ll had the highest accuracy (AUC=89%) followed by the FAHP model (AUC=88%), AHP model-l (AUC=84%), and FR (AUC=81%)https://hyd.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_18100_fd71b1f6792778014a49f2dbb9198cf3.pdfUniversity of TabrizJournal of Hydrogeomorphology2383-3254114020241021Estimation of river bank erosion and effective factors in Polealmas-Gilande reach, Balkhlochai River in ArdabilEstimation of river bank erosion and effective factors in Polealmas-Gilande reach, Balkhlochai River in Ardabil101871821610.22034/hyd.2024.61311.1735FAAbazarEsmali OuriProfessor, Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture and natural Resources, and Member of Water Management ResearchArezooEshaghzadehM.Sc in Watershed Management Sciences & Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and natural Resources University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, IranShokrollahAsghariProfessor, Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, IranRaoofMostafazadehAssocaite Professor, Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture and natural Resources, and Member of Water Management Research Center, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, IranJournal Article20240422Determining the extent of riverbank erosion and displaying it as a map in a GIS environment is effective in the optimal management of water and soil resources. The aim of the current research is to delineate the riverbank erosion zone from aerial photographs, perform regression modeling, and identify factors influencing the development of riverbank erosion using various spatial data including physiographic, hydrological, geological, and environmental data in different sections of the Balikhlouchai River in Ardabil Province. Initially, influential parameters in riverbank erosion in the region, including topographic, soil and land factors, hydrology, and land use changes, were calculated. Accordingly, the variables under study were obtained for four time periods: 1955 using aerial photographs, 1980 using TM satellite images, and years 2010 and 2013 using Google Earth images, and the effective extent of riverbank erosion was compared. Subsequently, multivariate regression analysis was performed using independent variables (including topographic, hydrological, soil erodibility, and land factors) and the effective extent of riverbank erosion as the dependent variable, using SPSS software, and suitable models were developed to estimate the amount of different riverbank erosion. Based on the results of regression analysis, environmental parameters such as slope of the river reaches, peak discharge, area under irrigated agriculture, concentration time, pasture coverage, and residential areas played a more significant role in exacerbating riverbank erosion.Determining the extent of riverbank erosion and displaying it as a map in a GIS environment is effective in the optimal management of water and soil resources. The aim of the current research is to delineate the riverbank erosion zone from aerial photographs, perform regression modeling, and identify factors influencing the development of riverbank erosion using various spatial data including physiographic, hydrological, geological, and environmental data in different sections of the Balikhlouchai River in Ardabil Province. Initially, influential parameters in riverbank erosion in the region, including topographic, soil and land factors, hydrology, and land use changes, were calculated. Accordingly, the variables under study were obtained for four time periods: 1955 using aerial photographs, 1980 using TM satellite images, and years 2010 and 2013 using Google Earth images, and the effective extent of riverbank erosion was compared. Subsequently, multivariate regression analysis was performed using independent variables (including topographic, hydrological, soil erodibility, and land factors) and the effective extent of riverbank erosion as the dependent variable, using SPSS software, and suitable models were developed to estimate the amount of different riverbank erosion. Based on the results of regression analysis, environmental parameters such as slope of the river reaches, peak discharge, area under irrigated agriculture, concentration time, pasture coverage, and residential areas played a more significant role in exacerbating riverbank erosion.https://hyd.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_18216_4f1619d15de797073ba8beb36dab1651.pdfUniversity of TabrizJournal of Hydrogeomorphology2383-3254114020241021Spatial assessment and zoning of landslide risk in Zamkan watershed using support vector machine and logistic regressionSpatial assessment and zoning of landslide risk in Zamkan watershed using support vector machine and logistic regression1231021868210.22034/hyd.2024.61467.1737FAFaribaEsfandyari DarabadProfessor, Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, IranGhobadRostamiPh.D student, Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, IranRaoofMostafazadehAssociate Professor, Department of Natural Resources and member of Water Management Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh ArdabiliMousaAbediniProfessor, Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, IranJournal Article20240501In the current study, the risk of landslides in the Zamkan Watershed, located in Kermanshah Province, was evaluated. Two machine learning models, Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Logistic Regression, were used to prepare a landslide susceptibility map. Toward this, 13 informational layers including elevation, slope, aspect, Melton ruggedness number, terrain convexity, stream length, valley depth, topographic wetness index, precipitation, geological formations, distance from rivers, distance from roads, and vegetation cover were utilized as independent variables. Approximately 70% of the watershed's landslide pixels were used for model training, and 30% for model validation. Model validation was performed using ROC curves. The results indicated the higher performance and accuracy of the radial basis function (RBF) kernel of the SVM model for generating landslide hazard maps in the study area. The area under the curve (AUC) for the RBF kernel was approximately 0.951 for model training and 0.944 for model testing. The results suggest that slope with a coefficient of 0.28, precipitation with a coefficient of 0.27, lithology with a coefficient of 0.26, and elevation with a coefficient of 0.22 are the main controlling factors for landslides occurrence in the Zamkan Watershed. Both the SVM model and logistic regression confirmed the deterministic effects of selected factors on landslides. About 35% of the study area as classified as highly susceptible to landslides, primarily in the eastern half of the watershed. Factors such as high elevation, steep slopes, heavy precipitation, and the Kazhdomi Formation's composition were identified as key contributors to this susceptibility.In the current study, the risk of landslides in the Zamkan Watershed, located in Kermanshah Province, was evaluated. Two machine learning models, Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Logistic Regression, were used to prepare a landslide susceptibility map. Toward this, 13 informational layers including elevation, slope, aspect, Melton ruggedness number, terrain convexity, stream length, valley depth, topographic wetness index, precipitation, geological formations, distance from rivers, distance from roads, and vegetation cover were utilized as independent variables. Approximately 70% of the watershed's landslide pixels were used for model training, and 30% for model validation. Model validation was performed using ROC curves. The results indicated the higher performance and accuracy of the radial basis function (RBF) kernel of the SVM model for generating landslide hazard maps in the study area. The area under the curve (AUC) for the RBF kernel was approximately 0.951 for model training and 0.944 for model testing. The results suggest that slope with a coefficient of 0.28, precipitation with a coefficient of 0.27, lithology with a coefficient of 0.26, and elevation with a coefficient of 0.22 are the main controlling factors for landslides occurrence in the Zamkan Watershed. Both the SVM model and logistic regression confirmed the deterministic effects of selected factors on landslides. About 35% of the study area as classified as highly susceptible to landslides, primarily in the eastern half of the watershed. Factors such as high elevation, steep slopes, heavy precipitation, and the Kazhdomi Formation's composition were identified as key contributors to this susceptibility.https://hyd.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_18682_6f5451842585d1b6662916070ade4ceb.pdfUniversity of TabrizJournal of Hydrogeomorphology2383-3254114020241021Spatial analysis of lithology in the occurrence of landslides in the eastern Alamut basin (case study: Mo’alem-Kelayeh Basin)Spatial analysis of lithology in the occurrence of landslides in the eastern Alamut basin (case study: Mo’alem-Kelayeh Basin)1421241836410.22034/hyd.2024.61470.1738FAGholam HassanJafariFaculty of Social Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, IranZinabBaratiPh.D student of Geomorphology, Tehran University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20240501The analysis of some geological features and structures can be used to determine Quaternary developments. Analyzing the types of landslides, their density, and scale is the key to identify the evolution of landforms. Based on this, the current research was carried out with the aim of spatial analysis of landslides that occurred in different lithologies of Mo’alem-Kelayeh basin, a part of eastern Alamut basin, between the longitudes 50°26'00″ to 50°31'20″ and the latitude 36°22'00″ to 36°30'00″, based on topographical, geological conditions, vegetation, the condition of waterways, and the proximity of different rocks in the area. According to the results, the Karaj, Rute, Shamshek and Neogene and destructive sediments are the most erodible formations in the studied area, which are the most important factors involved in the occurrence of mass movements on a micro and macro scale under the Mo’alem-Kelayeh basin. The nonresistant lithology is more extensive in the geographical levels downstream of the rivers. In such areas, in addition to the loosening of the lithology in wide sections, the material and energy flowing in the river also increases, if due to the lower slope of the slopes, the effect of the river on movements of the slopes becomes more limited. In the terrestrial levels close to the ridge line, matter and energy are less and lithology is more resistant; But due to greater slope of the slopes and the involvement of physical weathering in the porosity of rocks, the effect of river on the occurrence of surface slope movements increases.The analysis of some geological features and structures can be used to determine Quaternary developments. Analyzing the types of landslides, their density, and scale is the key to identify the evolution of landforms. Based on this, the current research was carried out with the aim of spatial analysis of landslides that occurred in different lithologies of Mo’alem-Kelayeh basin, a part of eastern Alamut basin, between the longitudes 50°26'00″ to 50°31'20″ and the latitude 36°22'00″ to 36°30'00″, based on topographical, geological conditions, vegetation, the condition of waterways, and the proximity of different rocks in the area. According to the results, the Karaj, Rute, Shamshek and Neogene and destructive sediments are the most erodible formations in the studied area, which are the most important factors involved in the occurrence of mass movements on a micro and macro scale under the Mo’alem-Kelayeh basin. The nonresistant lithology is more extensive in the geographical levels downstream of the rivers. In such areas, in addition to the loosening of the lithology in wide sections, the material and energy flowing in the river also increases, if due to the lower slope of the slopes, the effect of the river on movements of the slopes becomes more limited. In the terrestrial levels close to the ridge line, matter and energy are less and lithology is more resistant; But due to greater slope of the slopes and the involvement of physical weathering in the porosity of rocks, the effect of river on the occurrence of surface slope movements increases.https://hyd.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_18364_b1ed05024978d2f0624ae994e870bcaf.pdfUniversity of TabrizJournal of Hydrogeomorphology2383-3254114020241021Evaluation of flood control nodes of Hamadan drainage network using SWMM modelEvaluation of flood control nodes of Hamadan drainage network using SWMM model1641431815010.22034/hyd.2024.61703.1740FASepidehSiyootiNatural Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran.AlirezaIldoromiProfessor of Natural Engineering Department, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Malayer University, Malayer, IranBehnooshFarrokhzadehNatural Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran.Journal Article20240518In this research, the flood-blocking nodes of the drainage network in Khako (Faqira-Khidr) urban basin of Hamedan were measured and evaluated using the SWMM model. The results showed that the infiltration and runoff height of the project in the SCS method are equal to 50.86 and 16.14 mm, respectively, and this indicates that the SCS method is a more accurate assessment of the infiltration and runoff values for the Hamadan urban watershed. and has an acceptable efficiency. The results show that out of the total rainfall of 120 mm, 33 mm is related to infiltration losses and 87 mm is related to surface runoff, and the flow volume is equal to 2.41 million cubic meters, which is 1.98 1 million cubic meters is related to Faqireh sub-basin and 0.43 million cubic meters is related to Khizr sub-basin. According to the efficiency coefficient of NS, which is calculated as 0.66 for the peak discharge and 0.73 for the flood volume, and these numbers are acceptable. The results showed that the highest volume of rainfall runoff of the project with 1.28 million cubic meters is related to Faqirah sub-basin due to the physical development of Hamedan city in recent years in this sub-basin and the lowest amount with 0.46 million cubic meters is related to the sub-basin. It is Khedrkhako. The results of this research showed that residential uses have the largest share in the flood potential of the study area.In this research, the flood-blocking nodes of the drainage network in Khako (Faqira-Khidr) urban basin of Hamedan were measured and evaluated using the SWMM model. The results showed that the infiltration and runoff height of the project in the SCS method are equal to 50.86 and 16.14 mm, respectively, and this indicates that the SCS method is a more accurate assessment of the infiltration and runoff values for the Hamadan urban watershed. and has an acceptable efficiency. The results show that out of the total rainfall of 120 mm, 33 mm is related to infiltration losses and 87 mm is related to surface runoff, and the flow volume is equal to 2.41 million cubic meters, which is 1.98 1 million cubic meters is related to Faqireh sub-basin and 0.43 million cubic meters is related to Khizr sub-basin. According to the efficiency coefficient of NS, which is calculated as 0.66 for the peak discharge and 0.73 for the flood volume, and these numbers are acceptable. The results showed that the highest volume of rainfall runoff of the project with 1.28 million cubic meters is related to Faqirah sub-basin due to the physical development of Hamedan city in recent years in this sub-basin and the lowest amount with 0.46 million cubic meters is related to the sub-basin. It is Khedrkhako. The results of this research showed that residential uses have the largest share in the flood potential of the study area.https://hyd.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_18150_c28592fefff219e2294b0f603b65c3b0.pdf