Hydrogeomorphology
fatemeh menbari; Amjad Maleki; nayyeri hadi
Abstract
Morphometric analysis of a drainage basins and river network plays an vital role in understanding the hydrogeological behavior of the drainage basin . Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of modeling flood and its relationship with morphometric variables using multivariate regression. ...
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Morphometric analysis of a drainage basins and river network plays an vital role in understanding the hydrogeological behavior of the drainage basin . Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of modeling flood and its relationship with morphometric variables using multivariate regression. The research method is based on the destruction of morphometric parameters and statistical analysis, including correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis. In this regard, first, the studied basins have been selected using ARC GIS 10.5 software, and the limits of each one has been determined. Then, their morphometric characteristics have been extracted. The Flood discharge has also been reconstructed in return periods of 2 to 500 years using easy-fit software. For modeling, first, the linear relationship between each morphometric variable as an independent variable with flood discharge as a dependent variable was investigated. After ensuring the linear relationship between variables and flood discharge, correlation between each variable and flood discharge was calculated. The variables with the highest correlation were watershed area, basin length, and surface flow length. Using multivariate regression, modeling was used for independent variables and flood discharge. The results show that as the return period increases, the relationship between independent variables and flood discharge increases, So that the correlation of the area with the return period of 25 years is 0.609 and with the return period of 200 years is 0.677.also, the proposed models have more validity for flood prediction using multivariate regression analysis in return periods above 25 to 500 years.
Hydrogeomorphology
Amir Saffari; Sara Mohammadi; Ali Ahmadabadi; Sahar Darabi
Abstract
Floods are one of the most important natural hazards that often affect millions of people around the world annually with huge impacts. In recent years, due to the occurrence of frequent floods in the watershed of Cheshmekile River and the subsequent damage caused by floods, the need to pay attention ...
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Floods are one of the most important natural hazards that often affect millions of people around the world annually with huge impacts. In recent years, due to the occurrence of frequent floods in the watershed of Cheshmekile River and the subsequent damage caused by floods, the need to pay attention to the zoning of the flood risk in the investigated basin is becoming more apparent. Among the different methods for preparing flood zoning maps, statistical methods are more important due to their simplicity and acceptable accuracy. The aim of this research is to compare the reliability of Shannon entropy models, frequency ratio and witness weight in the context of flood zoning in Cheshmekile watershed. In this research, the criteria of slope, elevation classes, soil type, topographic humidity index, distance from the river, geology, land use, watercourse density, NDVI and rainfall have been used. The probability of flood occurrence has been calculated for each class of each parameter. The calculated weights for each class were applied in the ARC GIS software in the relevant layers and flood zoning maps of the area were obtained. The final maps resulting from the implementation of these three models in the region were divided into 3 low risks, medium and high-risk classes. And finally, the reliability of each model was evaluated using the system performance characteristic curve (ROC). The results have shown that frequency ratio (FR), weight of evidence (WOE) and Shannon entropy (SE) techniques have the highest accuracy in predicting the occurrence of floods.
Hydrogeomorphology
Davoud Mokhtari; Amir Heshmati
Abstract
Knowing the subsurface structures is one of the ways to access underground resources, and knowing the characteristics of alluvial sediments is very important for exploitation, management and control of underground water. Shahryar plain located in the west of Tehran city and south of central Alborz, which ...
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Knowing the subsurface structures is one of the ways to access underground resources, and knowing the characteristics of alluvial sediments is very important for exploitation, management and control of underground water. Shahryar plain located in the west of Tehran city and south of central Alborz, which supplies an important part of Tehran city's drinking water, is covered with Quaternary alluvium. The purpose of this article is to determine the thickness of these alluviums. There are different geophysical methods to estimate the thickness of different layers of the earth to determine the characteristics of alluvial deposits, including the type, depth, thickness, etc., of this plain, the data of electric soundings includes: 12 profiles and 186 sections, received from the regional water organization, geological maps, and data DEM used. After checking and validating the data, by choosing the normal kriging interpolation method with exponential variogram, the alluvial thickness and topography maps of the underlying layers include: alluvial thickness map, evaporite sediment surface topography, tuff and igneous rocks topography, The topography of the bedrock of the region, the thickness of evaporite sediments and the topography of the conglomerate surface of the region were preparedin in GIS with the highest accuracy. Then horizontal and vertical characteristics of these deposits were investigated. The results showed the maximum thickness of the alluvium is up to 350 meters in the center And near the edge of the plain, the thickness of alluvium decreases so that it is about 10 meters in the west and southwest.
Hydrogeomorphology
Jafar Jafarzadeh; Meysam Argany
Abstract
Groundwater is one of the most important natural resources in arid and semi-arid regions. The purpose of this study is to identify areas that have groundwater capacity and to prioritize the factors affecting it. In this study, 11 indicators affecting groundwater capacity including Slope, Elevation, Aspect, ...
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Groundwater is one of the most important natural resources in arid and semi-arid regions. The purpose of this study is to identify areas that have groundwater capacity and to prioritize the factors affecting it. In this study, 11 indicators affecting groundwater capacity including Slope, Elevation, Aspect, Distance from River, Drainage Density, Distance from Fault, Topographic Wetness Index, and Topographic Position Index, lithology, Land use and Relative Slope Position were used. 30% of the totals of 230 wells were randomly placed in the validation data group and 70% in the training data. To prioritize the effective factors and zoning of groundwater potential in Ghorichay watershed, the random forest method was used using ArcGIS and to evaluate the model of relative performance curve (ROC) and Area Under the curve surface (AUC). The results showed that the groundwater capacity of about 8% of the watershed is higher at the outlet of the watershed. According to the VIP diagram, the TWI layer with a value of 0.329 and the distance from the river layer with a value of 0.175 was the most and the least influential factors on groundwater capacity, respectively. The area below the AUC curve showed an accuracy of 87% in the training phase to identify areas with groundwater potential. The result of this study can be used in groundwater management in the Ghorichay watershed.
Hydrogeomorphology
Vahideh Moradzadeh; Zeinab Hazbavi; Abazar Esmali Ouri; Raoof Mostafazadeh; Shirin Zarei; Nazila Alaei
Abstract
Ecological indicators have become important tools for evaluating and monitoring natural resources. Understanding the relationship between biological activities and ecological interactions is essential to their structure. On the other hand, human activities have significant effects on landscape evolution ...
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Ecological indicators have become important tools for evaluating and monitoring natural resources. Understanding the relationship between biological activities and ecological interactions is essential to their structure. On the other hand, human activities have significant effects on landscape evolution through changes in sediment production, transport, and storage. Therefore, this issue should be considered in the comprehensive management of different watersheds and ecosystems. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to evaluate the spatial heterogeneity of the hydro-sedimentologic disturbance index (HSDI) in the watershed located in the central part of Ardabil province. For this purpose, sediment transport (ST), hydrological stress (HS), recharge potential of groundwater (Rec), and soil erosion potential (SEP) were first calculated for 27 different sub-watersheds. Then, these factors were weighted using the Shannon entropy method. The hydro-sedimentologic disturbance index (HSDI) was calculated and zoned using the weighted average. The results showed that the mean, maximum and minimum values of the HSDI index in the Samian watershed were 10.17, 45.67, and 0.20, respectively. In addition, 87.67, 5.33, 5.32, and 1.68% of the watershed area were classified into very low, low, medium, and high levels of disturbances, respectively. Sub-watershed 19 located in the northern part, and sub-watersheds 20 and 21 located in the central part of the Samian watershed have the most disturbances, so they are prioritized for management actions. The present research framework can be used as a potential tool to support decisions that should focus on improving natural resource management.
Hydrogeomorphology
ahmad godarzi; hojatolah younesi; babak shahinejad; hassan torabi
Abstract
In rivers, sediment load monitoring is mainly confined to suspended load measurement; as a result, maximizing resources and reducing the damage caused by river flow is critical. The goal of this study was to use Mike3D.2018 software to create a three-dimensional simulation of the Kashkan river flow in ...
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In rivers, sediment load monitoring is mainly confined to suspended load measurement; as a result, maximizing resources and reducing the damage caused by river flow is critical. The goal of this study was to use Mike3D.2018 software to create a three-dimensional simulation of the Kashkan river flow in the spring of 2019. For this objective, HEC-RAS5.0.7 software is introduced and input according to the production of altitude cultivar (coming from mapping) from the bed and floodplain of the analyzed river with a length of 1200 meters and a scale of 1: 1000 for numerical modeling. Flood, suspended sediment, and transition sediment were estimated using data from the Kashkan-Poldakhtar hydrometric station for return periods of 25, 200, 1000, and 1250 years. Floods were highest at 1200 and 1100 cross sections and lowest at 50 and 350 cross sections, according to the model's findings. By comparing the values with the observed values, it was discovered that the simulation at Kashkan-Poldakhtar hydrometric station performed better. Total sediment simulated 207.45 million tons per day and suspended load utilizing Young’s relation with + 11.87 percent error. The amount of transitional suspended sediments in April (5132779/31) was also higher than in January (9890/55), February (41083/73), March (149629/75), and May (15/112617), according to the findings. In addition, compared to the typical silt in the Kashkan River, the amount of sediment in this month is quite large.
Hydrogeomorphology
Ehsan Alvandi
Abstract
In this research, Modeling the effects of management Actions to improve the status of water and soil resources of Tuyserkan watershed in mDSS software environment have been studied.For this purpose, first, the status of the watershed system was analyzed through the DPSIR approach.In order to predict ...
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In this research, Modeling the effects of management Actions to improve the status of water and soil resources of Tuyserkan watershed in mDSS software environment have been studied.For this purpose, first, the status of the watershed system was analyzed through the DPSIR approach.In order to predict the effects of each management activity from the indicators obtained from Four physical, social, economic and ecological criteria were used.Finally, in order to prioritize the proposed management activities, TOPSISand SAWtechniques have been used in the mDSS software environment.According to the results of the DPSIR approach, the most important pressures affecting the system Land use change,Capture and vegetation loss have been introduced.Also one of the most important effects on the status of the watershed system is the criteria for vegetation loss, reduced groundwater recharge and increased risk of flood damage.Finally, according to the results of the DPSIR approach, to improve the status of water and soil resources A set of solutions for biological rangeland improvement and biomechanical operations to store rainfall in the basin was proposed.According to the opinions of experts and environmental conditions of the region from a set of solutions for biological improvement of rangeland and biomechanical operations Seven management activities(Rangeland exclusion,Afforestation,Orchard development,Forage cultivation,Contour furrow,Pile seeding and Seeding)were selected to store rainfall.According to the results obtained from the prioritization of management activities in all proposed methods,Afforestation activity has the highest score and is in the initial priority and the activity of Contour furrow has the lowest score and Is in the final priority.
Hydrogeomorphology
ahad habibzadeh; Massoud Goodarzi; Malek Rafiei
Abstract
1-IntroductionThe common method of supplying water for agricultural purposes is flood irrigation used in semi-dry areas from past times. Flood utilization has long been one of the common water supply methods among farmers in dry areas of the world due to inaccessibility to sustainable surface or underground ...
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1-IntroductionThe common method of supplying water for agricultural purposes is flood irrigation used in semi-dry areas from past times. Flood utilization has long been one of the common water supply methods among farmers in dry areas of the world due to inaccessibility to sustainable surface or underground water resources. In North America, Indians have used simple flood irrigation methods for centuries (Hudson, 1975). The studied area is located at 110km from the center of the province, north of Uremia Lake and the drainage basin surrounding Tasoj city at 45°18' to 45°33' eastern longitude 38°20' to 38°24' northern latitude. The area includes ten sub-basins overlooking the city of Tasuj and the villages of Angashtjan and Amstajan, and its area is 9616.79 ha. The average height of the area is 1700m with an average rain of 271mm in 20 years and an average annual temperature of 13.4°C. The region is climatically affected by polar air from the north, polar sea from the northwest, tropical climate from the south. The region's climate is cold semi-arid, and the rainfall regime is in the Mediterranean. The main feature of this regime is intense rainfall, spring rainfalls, and intense snowing in winters, along with several months of drought in summer and late spring. The land use of this region includes farming gardens 938ha, irrigated aquaculture 2050ha, and dry farming 420ha. The cultivation pattern of farms and gardens mostly includes apple, walnut, Elaeagnus Angustifolia, almond, cherries and alfalfa, wheat, barley, and chickpeas that are the farming lands with aridity problems. Angoshtjan and Amstejan ponds and watersheds have two U.R.F upper Miocene geologic formations and the equivalent formations of Qom with marl, limestone, and sandstone deposits that produce high sedimentary floods (Habibzadeh, 2018). One of the main objectives of flood distribution projects is the improvement of the status of natural resources in flooding plains on the alluvial fans of the outflow of the problematic watershed, the storage of precipitation, supply of underground sources, supply of required water for crop and farming, quantitative and qualitative changes of vegetation, changes in plant composition and increase of plants for feeding and increase of soil fertility. Lashanizand et al. (2010) studied the changes in surface water quality of Kashkan basin due to periods of water scarcity and watery and for this purpose, 12 parameters of water quality and discharge statistics of eight hydrometric stations in 30 years and concluded qualitative changes from The ascending and descending trends follow the periods of watery and aridity. The purpose of this study, while presenting a qualitative analytical method of floods, is to use floods in agricultural water supply in the agricultural plains north of Lake Urmia.2-MethodologyThe research project investigating the effects of incoming flood quality on flood spreading performance was carried out by the author to create model areas for flood exploitation for agriculture, promotion, and development of flood distribution systems in arid and semi-arid regions. Samplers were installed along the flood paths of the Angoshtjan and Amstejan sub-basins at the entrance of the plain and in three locations of impoundment system, above and below these systems with gages. After the installation of samplers, the flood sampling was done to this end, sampling was performed three times in 2011, two times in 2012 and one time in 2014; the number of samples to be taken was determined based on the flood discharge and the height of samplers and sent to the laboratory for analysis. The results related to the differentiation of the sampling location have been classified using Model and Wilcox diagram (Habibzadeh, 2017).3-Results and DiscussionThe main limitation in agriculture, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, is the supply of water needs. In such areas, water is the basis for planning for agricultural development. Every year, much water flows out of reach in the form of runoff or floods and causes much damage to agricultural lands, residential lands, and roads (Mesbah and Negahdar, 2015). According to the purpose of the research, it was necessary to prepare information about the amount of rainfall and floods in the region. For this purpose, the amount of flood extraction was calculated and collected based on 20-year statistics of rainfall and floods in the region. The average monthly rainfall and flood storage are shown in Table 1. Flood samples were sent to the laboratory for qualitative analysis during six floods over three years. Laboratory analyzes including salinity, acidity, anions, and flood cations were performed. The lowest salinity, or EC, is related to the flood of the Amstajan river with 345 μm /cm, and the highest is related to the flood of the Angoshtjan river with 799μm / cm. Table (1): Average monthly flood rate in Tasuj study catchments (2000-2020)MonthPrecipitationmmFlood storagem3Flood%April39.653054.039.1May51.751005.237.6June13.82875.02.1July6.4865.70.6August4.11432.71.1September9.328.60.0October11.72134.21.6November35.55432.14.0December25.40.00.0January14.20.00.0February28.20.00.0March29.618698.713.8 269.5135526.2100.04-Conclusions In this project, to access the 2.5 million m3 outflow flood of Amstejan and Angoshtjan villages, the qualitative analyses of flood samples have been done based on Wilcox, Piper, and Stiff hydro-chemical diagrams. The mean electric conductivity in Amstejan sub-basin floods is 350mho/cm, and for Angoshtjan, the sub-basin is 600 mho/cm. The floods have relatively alkali acidity or neutral. The highest values, 8.06 and 8.04, are related to the inflow flood of the reservoir of flood collection. The quality of floods in terms of irrigation water classification of Wilcox method, where salinity and sodium rate are the most important criteria, is mostly in the C2S1 area. In terms of classification of irrigation water, C2, water with medium salinity that can be used for plants with medium tolerance to salinity, S1 is low sodium water which is good for irrigation of all types of soils and is not risky; therefore, they are good waters for agricultural purposes.
Hydrogeomorphology
Fatemeh Novin Sarandi; Ghodrat Barzeghari; Mahdi Ojaghi; Nasir Nouri
Abstract
Hajilar chai basin located in the western part of varzegan and it may expose to potential of water resources contamination due to placement of Zarrin Dagh Astarkan gold extraction factory in this area. In order to monitor the water sources of the Hajilar chai basin, 12 water samples collected and analyzed ...
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Hajilar chai basin located in the western part of varzegan and it may expose to potential of water resources contamination due to placement of Zarrin Dagh Astarkan gold extraction factory in this area. In order to monitor the water sources of the Hajilar chai basin, 12 water samples collected and analyzed in March 2021. The results showed that the concentration of Co, Pb and As are higher than permissible limit of WHO standard for drinking water in some places and probably the source of trace element related to geological formations and water rock interaction. The aim of this study is to evaluate the hydrchemical characteristics and source of contamination of water sources using graphical methods, multivariate statistical techniques such as factor analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. The result of the graphical methods showed that the most of the water samples have bicarbonate calcium dominate type. The result of the factor analysis show that four factors were affecting the quality of water source. The first, third and fourth components result from affecting of formation on water resources and water rock interaction. The second component show evidences of the anthropogenic activities in the study area. Also, hierarchical cluster analysis classifies the data into three categories. The first cluster data have similar geochemical process and less trace element. In second cluster hydrochemcial equilibrium is not established, which is probably due to the impact of factory activities. In third cluster, the concentration of arsenic is high and probably is originated from geological formation.
Hydrogeomorphology
Erfan Bahrami; mehdi dastourani
Abstract
Estimation of flood hydrographs in the ungauged watersheds is a challenging issue in flood planning and management. Various models have been developed in this filed and it is necessary to evaluate the performance of models developed in different regions of the world with different climatic, hydrological ...
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Estimation of flood hydrographs in the ungauged watersheds is a challenging issue in flood planning and management. Various models have been developed in this filed and it is necessary to evaluate the performance of models developed in different regions of the world with different climatic, hydrological and physiographic features in order to comment on their performance in different regions. The Gamma synthetic unit hydrograph model is a developed model for estimating flood hydrographs in the ungauged watersheds with limited studies in the world. In this study, the Gamma synthetic unit hydrograph model for estimating flood hydrograph characteristics in Qareh-Sou watershed located in Kermanshah province in Iran has been investigated. Criteria for percentage error in peak discharge, percentage error in volume, mean absolute error, mean bias error, coefficient of determination and Kling-Gupta were estimated to evaluate the accuracy of simulation results. Based on the results, the mean values of the criteria expressed are 6.28, 17.4, 0.89, 0.54, 0.74 and 0.75, respectively, indicating that the Gamma synthetic unit hydrograph model is quite accurate in estimating the characteristics of the flood hydrograph in this study. In addition, the visual comparison of computational and observational hydrographs illustrates the remarkable accuracy of the Gamma synthetic unit hydrograph model in estimating the shape of flood hydrographs in the studied events.
