Geomorphology
sayyad Asghari Saraskanroud; Fariba Esfandyari; Mehdi Faal Naziri; Batool Zeinali
Abstract
Land subsidence refers to the gradual or sudden lowering of the earth's surface as a result of various factors such as tectonic activities, mining, oil and gas fields, and illegal extraction of underground water. In Alborz province, the growing trend of population and migration in recent years has ...
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Land subsidence refers to the gradual or sudden lowering of the earth's surface as a result of various factors such as tectonic activities, mining, oil and gas fields, and illegal extraction of underground water. In Alborz province, the growing trend of population and migration in recent years has added to the increase in demand and the amount of water withdrawal from the underground water table, so it is subject to subsidence due to the sharp drop in the level of underground water. In this research, subsidence assessment was done using radar interferometric technique, and then, prone areas were zoned with multi-criteria algorithm in the time frame of 2016 and 2023. The results of information extraction with interferometric technique showed that the average amount of subsidence in the urban boundaries of Saujblag, Karaj, Nazarabad, Chaharbagh and Fardis is between 15 and 320 mm. According to observations, the highest amount of subsidence is in the eastern part and then in the southern and southwestern parts. According to the estimated results of subsidence risk zoning; The parameters of water level drop, land use, slope and geology, respectively, with weight coefficients of 0.16127, 0.141875, 0.130145 and 0.128474, are the most important factors in creating the risk of subsidence in the study area, which are 31 and 23%, respectively. From the range, it has a very high and high probability of danger.
Geomorphology
Raoof Mostafazadeh; Fariba Esfandyari Darabad; Ahmad Naseri; Ahmad Abyat; Maryam Adhami
Abstract
Fractal dimension is a powerful and important index that reflects the physical and morphological characteristics of rivers and has a close relationship with geometric features of rivers. The fractal pattern was used to investigate the sinuosity of the Gharehsou River in Ardabil Province, using the box-counting ...
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Fractal dimension is a powerful and important index that reflects the physical and morphological characteristics of rivers and has a close relationship with geometric features of rivers. The fractal pattern was used to investigate the sinuosity of the Gharehsou River in Ardabil Province, using the box-counting method. The results show that the fractal dimension of the Gharehsou River varies between 2.068 and 2.186. The minimum fractal dimension is in the first category of meanders with lower areas of tangent circle, and the maximum number of circles falls into the eighth category (having high areas of tangent circle). Based on the correlation between the number and area of tangent circles (0.71 to 0.84), it can be said that the river reaches studied follow a fractal and self-similar pattern. The fractal dimension values in the Anzab village-Taleb Qeshlaqi village reach were calculated to be 2.23, indicating a higher level of self-similarity, which is related with the naturalness of this river reach, which is located within a plain area, and the river has undergone more evolution. On the other hand, in the Taleb Qeshlaqi village-Sabalān Dam reach, the fractal dimension value was found to be 1.85, which may be related to the river traversing steeper paths, limiting its meander development and making the fractal pattern less observable. Human interventions in the river's course, as well as the river's passage through agricultural lands in some cases, have led to changes in the width and depth of the river and restrictions on meander expansion.
Fariba Esfandyari Darabad; Raoof Mostafazadeh; Reza Shahmoradi; Ali Nasiri Khiavi
Volume 6, Issue 18 , June 2019, , Pages 57-77
Abstract
IntroductionThe ease of the use of river water resources has led to an extensive exploitation and, thus, the alteration flow regime. Although human manipulation on the river flows has social benefits, it alters natural ecosystems and threatens biodiversity by changing natural flow regimes. Hydrological ...
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IntroductionThe ease of the use of river water resources has led to an extensive exploitation and, thus, the alteration flow regime. Although human manipulation on the river flows has social benefits, it alters natural ecosystems and threatens biodiversity by changing natural flow regimes. Hydrological changes caused by dams and their related environmental problems have excited many concerns for hydrologists, ecologists, and policy-makers. The high number of constructed dams, the diversion of water, the exploitation of groundwater, the canalization of waterways and, the transfer of water into basins in the world have led to large-scale hydrological changes in the environment and aquatic ecosystems. The assessment of flow changes is important to understand and modify the considerable effects of dams on river systems. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the quantitative changes in hydrological parameters of the flow in four main groups including Low flows, Peak flows, Flow duration, and Flow variability in Zarrinehrood and Saruqchai Rivers in West Azerbaijan province.MethodologyIn this study, the percentage of changes of the Zarrinehrood and Saruqchai river flow regime, affected by the construction of dams, were evaluated. In addition, the daily discharge data from hydrometric stations were obtained. The recorded discharge data in the time periods of 1955 to 2012 were analyzed in this study. The values of 18 hydrological indicators categorized in four main groups including Peak flows, Low flows, Flow duration and Flow variability were calculated. In this regard, the percentage difference of each hydrologic index was calculated. Next, the hydrologic indices were plotted in the pre and post periods of the dam construction, and the results of the Sariqamish hydrometric station was presented as an example. Finally, the triple diagram model and the Surfer software were used to determine the variations of the percentage of difference in indicators against the mean discharge values over the study period.DiscussionAccording to the results, the Min and Q10 indices with values of 287.42 and -45.57%, had respectively the highest and the least changes The Q95 index and the rate of falling indicator showed an upward trend in the downside of the Miandoab hydrometric station. The highest percentage of difference of low flow group was related to the Miandoab hydrometric station, which indicated the increase of the minimum flow. The lowest percentage of difference was observed at the Alasaqqal-Chap hydrometric station. The Miandoab and Safakhaneh stations showed the highest and lowest percentage of differences in Peak flow group after dam construction. The changes of all hydrologic indices were small in low flow discharge and increased with greater amounts of river flow discharge in the Sariqamish hydrometric station, especially in discharge values of 0 to 20 cubic meters per second.The Miandoab hydrometric station also confirmed the previous results, which showed a decrease in the hydrological indexes of the arrinehrood River flow regime in 0-40 cubic meters per second over the study period, while the changes in the river flow regime had increased in the discharges intervals of more than 140 cubic meters per second.ConclusionTo summarize, the studied hydrological indices have been altered due to the dam construction. Indeed, they are decreasing or increasing based on the nature of indexes to characterize the flow variations. Also, according to the values of average difference percentage of indices in each main group, it can be said that the groups of Low flows, Peak flows, and Flow duration in the period after the construction of the dam compared to the period before the construction of the dam were respectively 303.37, 18.57 and 943.38% at the Miandoab river gauge station under the effect of Nowruzlu Dam. Also, triple diagram model confirmed that the difference in the flow regime indices were high in higher mean river discharge values. Considering the quantitative results related to the difference percentage in hydrologic indicators, the constructed dams considerably altered the natural flow regime of Zarrinehrood and Saruqchai Rivers. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the changes of hydrological regime resulting from the construction of dams to maintain the ecological flow requirements of the river ecosystem and ensure the use of surface water and healthy aquatic environmental condition.
