Mojtaba Yamani; Hamid Ganjaeian; Lila Garoso; Mahnaz Javedan
Abstract
1-Introduction Today, geomorphic studies are considered as the base of studies on natural resources. Recognizing the processes and active mechanisms on these landforms and their characteristics, as well as understanding the type of use of these units in using the natural environment and sustainable development ...
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1-Introduction Today, geomorphic studies are considered as the base of studies on natural resources. Recognizing the processes and active mechanisms on these landforms and their characteristics, as well as understanding the type of use of these units in using the natural environment and sustainable development is important. Many of Iranian towns and villages are on plains and alluvialfans and as a result, exploitation of the plains has become diverse and growing; but there are problems and limitations in the use of these areas. For a successful farming, consideration of climatic and environmental conditions is of tremendous importance. Therefore, the designation of geomorphic units is a suitable method for detailed studies of natural resources planning and management and environmental hazards. According to some experts, the assessment of environmental power is an instrument for identifying a land for activities such as agriculture and forestry (Quang minh et al, 2003). The agricultural sector of Sanandaj Province is especially important among the economic sectors of the province since in terms of production and employment, it is ranked second after the services sector. The geographical and climatic conditions and abundant water resources provide the potential benefits of agricultural production in the city. In recent years, with the adoption of new software and hardware methods, many efforts have been made to determine the capability and management of land leading to fruitful results. 2-Methodology The purpose of this study is to assess land suitability for agricultural activities in Sanandaj based on hydrogeomorphological parameters. To this end, the research method is based on descriptive-analytic methods. Research data includes statistical information (information on the status of groundwater and climate parameters), information layers, information extracted from satellite imagery (land use), as well as library information. Software used in the research includes ARCGIS (providing information layers, fuzzy, final output), IDRISI (implementation of the OWA model), Google Earth (validation of results), and SuperDecisione (weighting to criteria). The data layers of this research are soil, land type, geology, slope, altitude, precipitation, river, temperature, groundwater status, and groundwater chemical quality. Since the value and importance of the parameters are not the same for the desired purposes, the parameters were evaluated using expert opinion (5 geomorphic experts) by the ANP method and fuzzy by using the fuzzy function in ArcGIS software. Afterwards, standardized layers are entered into the IDRISI software and then combined with the ANP model using the OWA model based on the obtained values. Finally, the final map is made. After drawing up the final map to verify the results, 50 random samples were used to validate the result. 3-Results and Discussion In this research, ten parameters have been used for the development of agricultural lands in Sanandaj. The parameters are assigned in three clusters: Geomorphologic parameters (elevation, slope and geomorphology units), hydroclamite (river, underground water, chemical water quality, temperature and precipitation), and land cover (soil and lithology). In this research, after providing information layers, these layers are standardized using ARCGIS software. The geomorphological parameters are standardized in such a way that the altitude, the lower height means that the pixel is worth more And also in terms of slope, areas with a lower slope are worth more. In terms of geomorphology units, the lake and mountain units are of the lowest value. In terms of hydro-climatic parameters, regions with higher rainfall and temperatures near the river have lower groundwater depths and areas with lower EC values are of higher value. In addition, the areas with inspetisol are of higher value and lithologically, the areas with alluvial lithology are more valuable. The value of the criteria was then calculated using the ANP model. Finally, the obtained value was applied to the layers and in the end, using the OWA model, the final map is obtained. 4- Conclusion(S) Since agriculture makes a major contribution to the economy of Sanandaj, and given the great potential of the city in terms of water resources, it is necessary to make proper planning and location in this area. In the present study, according to studies conducted and hydrogeomorphological survey related to the study area regarding zoning the area for the development of agricultural lands, it has been attempted to identify suitable areas for the desired purposes. The results of zoning using integrated network analysis and sequential weighted averaging model have been verified using integrated network analysis model and random sampling method is verified. The confirmed results indicate that the final map has 86 percent accuracy. The results of the present study indicate that the major part of Sanandaj does not have the proper level of agricultural activities so 1587 km2 of the city area is in the inappropriate class and the relatively suitable and suitable class area is 801 and 579 square kilometers, respectively. According to the results, about 53% of Sanandaj area is not suitable for agricultural activities, especially for water crops.
Mojtaba Yamani; Abolghasem Goorabi; Shirin Mohammadkhan; Hamid Ganjaeian
Volume 4, Issue 12 , December 2017, , Pages 1-23
Abstract
Introduction Qorveh, one of the cities of Kordestan province, has high amount of precipitation and, consequently, a significant resource of water. Geological surveys, physiography and hydrology, and in particular field studies, have revealed rivers' significant role and influence on the formation ...
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Introduction Qorveh, one of the cities of Kordestan province, has high amount of precipitation and, consequently, a significant resource of water. Geological surveys, physiography and hydrology, and in particular field studies, have revealed rivers' significant role and influence on the formation of human activities and settlements. Unfortunately, much of the locally carried out planning has ignored hydro-geomorphological factors. In addition, population growth and the growth in residential and industrial areas have caused uneven progress of the residential areas towards the riverside which has, consequently, changed the natural shape of the river such as its width, length, slope, sediment, and the like. These problems shows the importance and necessity of thorough hydro-geomorphological studies. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to investigate the hydro-geomorphological status of the Shoor River's basin and evaluate the its lands' capabilities to develop urban areas, determine the optimum location based on hydro-geomorphological criteria, minimize the undesirable impacts of inhabitants of cities and villages on the highlands, especially the catchment areas, and minimize the harmful effects of the environmental hazards on agricultural products and inhabitants. Materials and methods The study is based on field, library, and software methods. Firstly, using the topographic maps, the study area of the basin was specified. In this study, 8 factors of lithology, faults, slope, aspect, elevation, distance from the river, vegetation, and land use were used in order to evaluate and zone suitable areas for urban development of Qorveh. After the preparation of the information layers, the coefficients and their values were estimated by the use of ANP model. In this model, like AHP, the measurement of the amount of the relative importance is done by pairwise comparisons with the help of the range of 1 to 9. Number 1 represents the equal importance of two factors and 9 represents the extreme importance of one factor over the other. To this end, for each model, a total of 15 questionnaires were distributed among specialists (5 Land use planning, 5 urban planning, and 5 geomorphology specialists) to rate each of the factors. After analyzing the questionnaires, to calculate the final weights of each criteria and subcriteria (according to the internal relations), Super Decisions software was used for the ANP model. Then, indicators and variables affecting urban development, using the Fuzzy function, were sub-Fuzzed and all layers of the study were standardized and compared. The coefficients were transmitted to the GIS polygonal descriptive databases to make them more quantitative and comparable. Finally, the final maps were made by overlaying the information layers maps. Discussion and results In the present study, to locate suitable areas for urban development, 8 factors were used and the classification was done. On this basis, the suitable areas for future development of the city have a slope of less than 11 %, the lithology persistent for building, low elevation, barren land use, and the changeable vegetation. In addition, they are distant from the fault lines and they are near the riverside. Additionally, the map of each criteria was prepared and the final map was obtained by combining the information layers, based on the weight obtained through ANP. Conclusion The ANP Model, because of having features such as simplicity, flexibility, simultaneous use of qualitative and quantitative criteria and final ranking of the options, can provide a suitable framework for analyzing the issue and determining the final ranking of the options. However, since allocating evaluation weights cannot provide enough reliability, the use of fuzzy logic, for more integration between layers and fixing possible errors, is needed. Finally, the study area was divided into five regions in terms of available potential and the ability for the purposes of the urban development. According to the criteria which was considered in this zoning, it can be said that, areas with the highest score, are located in ideal areas and away from danger. However, it should be noted that the significant presence of the geomorphologic phenomena, such as Bader and Parishan mounts in the southern parts of the study area, as well as the existence of faults in the southwest and southeast of the area have caused the basin to be in a very inappropriate class in relation to the development of the space. The results of this study indicate that the Shoor River's basin has a high potential for spatial development and urban planning in the future.
Hadi Nayyeri; Khabat Amani; Hamid Ganjaeian
Volume 3, Issue 7 , October 2016, , Pages 19-38
Abstract
Hadi Nayyeri[1]* Khabat Amani[2] Hamid Ganjaeian[3] Abstract The rivers physical and morphological properties survey and study is one of the first and most important actions in hydrological plans design and implementation. The aims of this research is Tarval drainage basin physical, hydrological, hydrographic ...
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Hadi Nayyeri[1]* Khabat Amani[2] Hamid Ganjaeian[3] Abstract The rivers physical and morphological properties survey and study is one of the first and most important actions in hydrological plans design and implementation. The aims of this research is Tarval drainage basin physical, hydrological, hydrographic and hydro geomorphology's traits surveying using software and statistical methods in order to access the appropriate information's to planning and implementing the constructions and watershed management plans. Tarval stream is the Caspian Sea sub basin that its drainage basin area from confluence location with Ghezel Owzan is 6955 km2. According to present statistics from 1971 to 2011 years the annual average of meteorology and synoptic basin temperature are 12.5 centigrade degree and annual precipitation is 352 mm that shows semi-arid situation of basin climatologically. The result shown that the drainage net densities in this basin is low and the number of streams per unit area is few. By considering the study area dispersal coverage and is some cases are high-density, the runoff coefficient is 0.35 percent and the basin delay time is 1.65 hours, and its time of concentration is 2.75 hours. The results shows that by considering the factors such as precipitation rate, basin low slope, little discontinuous seed sediment, the basin runoff amount is very low and precipitation of this area speedily drops down. For this reason the soil erosion percentage in this basin is so little and be controllable. In addition, the flood debit curvy changes with time passing have a slight curve that represent the basin immunity against flooding. [1]- Assistant Professor in Dept. of Geomorphology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, (Corresponding Autor), Email:nayyerihadi@yahoo.com. [2]- Student Hydregeomorphlogy, University of Tehran. Graduate Student Hydregeomorphlogy, [3]- Student Hydregeomorphlogy, University of Tehran. Graduate Student Hydregeomorphlogy,
